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Philanthropy in England 1480-1660

This study documents a momentous shift which occurred in mens aspirations for their society in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The author has examined gifts and bequests left for charitable causes over a period of nearly two centuries in ten English counties, in order to assess the changing pattern of social aspirations and observe the different velocities of change among the several social classes.

Professor Jordan examines the problem of poverty in the early modern world and discusses the various measures taken by the Tudors and Stuarts to deal with the needs of the poor. He concludes that poverty was principally relieved by an immense outpouring of charitable wealth. This wealth flowed principally from an urban aristocracy determined not only to care for the hopelessly destitute but so to enlarge the area of opportunity so that poverty could be prevented. At the same time, the Elizabethan law of charitable uses marshalled this generous wealth into effective agencies. The study closes with a full assessment of the noble achievements of the period: the founding of a widespread and effective system of education, the establishment of almshouses in all parts of England, and extraordinary and fertile experiments with the several agencies of social rehabilitation.

The author records in this volume a great and enduring historical achievement; he also records the triumph of the secular preoccupations of mankind.

The book was first published in 1959.

Philanthropy in England 1480-1660

A Study of the Changing Pattern of English Social Aspirations

W.K. Jordan

First published in 1959

by Routledge

This edition published 2006 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

1959, 2006 W.K. Jordan

Typeset in Times by TechBooks

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 10: 0-415-40193-3 (set)
ISBN 10: 0-415-40194-1 (volume I)
ISBN 10: 0-415-40195-X(volume II)

ISBN 13: 978-0-415-40193-7 (set)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-40194-4 (volume I)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-40195-1 (volume II)

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original book may be apparent.

Philanthropy in England 1480-1660

by the same author

THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS TOLERATION IN ENGLAND

1 From the beginning of the English Reformation to the death of Queen Elizabeth

2 From, the Accession of James I to the Convention of the Long Parliament , 1603-1640

3 From the Convention of the Long Parliament to the Restoration , 1640-1660

4 Attainment of the theory and accommodations in Thought and Institutions, 1640-1660

Philanthropy in England 1480-1660

A STUDY OF THE CHANGING PATTERN OF ENGLISH SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS

BY
W. K. JORDAN
President of Radcliffe College
Professor of History , Harvard University

FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1959

This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1956, no portion may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Enquiry should be made to the publisher.

in 10 on 11 point Plantin type BY HAZELL WATSON AND VINEY LTD AYLESBURY AND SLOUGH

FOR
F. R. J.
Animae dimidium meae

This is the first of a series of volumes dealing with the changing pattern of men's aspirations for their society during a long and critical period in the history of western Europe. The present volume is an essay commenting on the subject and presenting conclusions drawn from a considerable mass of available evidence. In the very nature of the case the whole of the research had to be completed and the later volumes written in first draft before it was possible to undertake this essay. The second projected volume will deal in some detail with the philanthropic impulse in the English urban society, attention being confined to London, where a rich, an incredibly generous, and a most articulate merchant aristocracy was in the course of our period to lay solidly the foundations of liberal institutions not only in the metropolis but throughout England. The third volume will consider at length the changing structure of men's aspirations in rural England, with documentation supplied from a sampling of counties in various parts of the realm. There will remain studies of several additional rural counties and of Bristol, an urban complex second in importance only to London. It is hoped that these may be published separately in appropriate periodicals.

Many years have elapsed since this study was begun under the kindly auspices of a grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. The work has been sustained through the years by most helpful subventions from the American Philosophical Society, Harvard University, and Radcliffe College. More recently it has been brought to completion with the help of a generous grant from the Ford Foundation which made it possible to complete the research, to assemble and assess the materials, and to reduce the data to statistical order. These volumes will record the benefactions of many men of an earlier age; the author's experience would suggest that even the slow and fumbling efforts of the student of history are not without their support by equally generous donors in these later days.

The gathering of the materials for these volumes has required work in the principal libraries and archives in England and the United States, where in every instance the author has met with courteous and patient treatment. The work has imposed particularly heavy burdens on the staffs of Somerset House, York Minster, and many district registries, and for their most helpful assistance we would express our deepest gratitude.

W. K. J.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
January, 1958

The bibliographical citations in this work are necessarily very heavy, particularly in the later volumes. Hence no formal bibliography will be presented, but a full reference will be supplied in the instance of the first citation of a printed or manuscript source.

It has been our intention to render all quotations exactly as written or printed, save that capitalization has in all cases been modernized.

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