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Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo - Concepts of Conversion: The Politics of Missionary Scriptural Translations

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Book:
Concepts of Conversion: The Politics of Missionary Scriptural Translations
Author:
Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo
Publisher:
De Gruyter
Genre:
Books / Religion
Year:
2017
City:
Berlin
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There has not been conducted much research in religious studies and (linguistic) anthropology analysing Protestant missionary linguistic translations. Contemporary Protestant missionary linguists employ grammars, dictionaries, literacy campaigns, and translations of the Bible (in particular the New Testament) in order to convert local cultures. The North American institutions SIL and Wycliffe Bible Translators (WBT) are one of the greatest scientific-evangelical missionary enterprises in the world. The ultimate objective is to translate the Bible to every language. The author has undertaken systematic research, employing comparative linguistic methodology and field interviews, for a history-of-ideas/religions and epistemologies explication of translated SIL missionary linguistic New Testaments and its premeditated impact upon religions, languages, sociopolitical institutions, and cultures. In addition to taking into account the history of missionary linguistics in America and theological principles of SIL/WBT, the author has examined the intended cultural transformative effects of Bible translations upon cognitive and linguistic systems. A theoretical analytic model of conversion and translation has been put forward for comparative research of religion, ideology, and knowledge systems.

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Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo

Concepts of Conversion

Religion and Society

Edited by

Gustavo Benavides, Frank J. Korom, Karen Ruffle and
Kocku von Stuckrad

Volume 70

ISBN 978-3-11-049988-9

e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-049791-5

e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-049704-5

ISSN 1437-5370

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.

2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

www.degruyter.com

Concepts of Conversion The Politics of Missionary Scriptural Translations - image 4

What is wrong with my beliefs? Why do I have to change them? Concluding speech by Tadodaho Sidney Hill of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy at the conference Listening to the Wampum in Dialog with the Jesuit Relations, Le Moyne College (Syracuse, NY, USA) November 15, 2013.

Acknowledgements

Sren Wichmann suggested that I should analyze the missionary linguistics of SIL-translations of New Testaments into American indigenous languages. I thank him for his invaluable encouragement and assistance over the years. Sren was also instrumental together with Torkel Brekke, Jan Terje Faarlund, and Even Hovdhaugen in order to obtain funding for the research of the book. I am very grateful for their support.

Torkel and Vincent L. Wimbush made proposals to the title of the book. I also thank Vincent for comments and the invitation to present the book project at Institute for Signifying Scriptures (ISS), Claremont Graduate University.

I extend special appreciative thanks to the extensive backing and encouragement of Davd Carrasco and his invitation to become Research Associate and Advisor at the Moses Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project, Harvard University. This has been and is very significant for my research.

I thank Jrgen Renn for the invitation to become Research Partner at Max-Planck-Institut fr Wissenschaftsgeschichte (MPIWG), Berlin and Aud Valborg Tnnessen for the invitation to become Visiting Scholar at Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo.

I am grateful to the Research Council of Norway for the postdoctoral research fellowship and to the Leiv Eriksson mobilitetsprogram for the funding of the stay at the Moses Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project, Harvard University in 2009; Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning for a grant in order to travel to stay as Visiting Scholar at Harvard University in 2008 and to a Mesoamerican conference at Leiden University in 2009.

I am appreciative to Editorial Director Theology & Religion at Walter de Gruyter, Albrecht Doehnert for his inspirational interest in the book and invitation to submit the manuscript to the Series Religion and Society. I am also very grateful to the contributions of Johannes Parche, John Whitley, Sophie Wagenhofer, and Alissa Jones Nelson at Walter de Gruyter.

I am indebted, for the important assistance of innumerable interlibrary loans, to Senior Librarians Eli Sofie Barstad Fjeld and Britt Hilde Olsson at University of Oslo Library.

Katie Van Heests copyediting and two anonymous reviewers considerably improved the manuscript.

I extend sincere thanks to peoples who have made different contributions to the book:

Ysnaya Elena Aguilar Gil, Gary Urton, Marcus Briggs-Cloud, Philip Arnold, Sandra Bigtree, Oren Lyons, Kjell Magne Yri, Kerry Hull, Joe R. Campbell, KarenDakin, Maarten E.R.G.N. Jansen, Gabina Aurora Prez Jimnez, Michael Swanton, Arthur Sand, Alan R. Sandstrom, Joe R. Campbell, Amund Bjrnss, Otto Zwartjes, David Stoll, Dag T. Haug, Siri Nergaard, Jorunn kland, Terje Stordalen, Helge Wendt, Eric Ziolkowski, Vernica Coronel Sanchez, and Nuvi Coronel Sanchez.

The peoples of Naupan, Chalcatongo de Hidalgo, and Santiago de Yosonda received me with generosity and friendship. I thank the family in Santiago de Yosonda in particular las gemalas.

I dedicate the book to my loving parents Ingeborg Kirkhusmo Pharo and Per Pharo who have always stood by me.

And Eva!

Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo

Moses Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project, Harvard University

Max-Planck-Institut fr Wissenschaftsgeschichte (MPIWG)

Nord University

Fundamental Importance of Language and
Translation

The book is an analyzis of social and political interactions and contexts of a particular form and structure of communication: translation of scriptures. In a critical analysis, in terms of historical and contemporary social-cultural and language practices and power, it seeks to explicate the dynamic relations between indigenous peoples and a particular category of missionaries; missionary linguists. Partly scholar and partly missionary, the missionary linguists attempt to impose and legitimise a definite ideological, religious, linguistic, political and social-cultural regime.

The premise of the analyzis is in what way a terminological system of concepts (nomenclature), representing principle ideas and knowledge, anticipate and conceivably convert not only a language but also a cultural, philosophical, religious, and sociopolitical structure. The explication concentrates upon the transference of the major doctrines of Christian moral philosophy of soteriology attempted to translate into indigenous American languages and accordingly religions and philosophies.

The books methodological orientation is comparative and multidisciplinary; anthropological, historical, linguistic and philological. This approach analyzes in a historical perspective the linguistic, sociocultural, religious, and political dynamics of contemporary North American Protestant missionary activities in Latin America. Established upon an abundance of comparative historical and current empirical evidence, the book simply advocates what Charles Darwin formulates as one long argument (Darwin [1859]1985, 439). This means that I prescribe a general theory and methodology where I make the following combined set of arguments:

Conversion or transformation of meaning is recognized and defined through conceptions, categories and codes of language practice. In order to give substance to this hypothesis, I advocate a methodology of identifying and analyzing the terminology of core and key concepts. This approach not only constitutes a method of comprehension of semantic structures but also adjudicating the process of the encounter between (and potential subsequent change of) different ideological, theoretical, and epistemological (cultural) systems whether political, economic, judicial, religious or scientific. I make a case that there is ultimate dissimilarity between missionary-soteriological and non-missionary/non-soteriological systems. Additionally, I argue that missionary linguistics represents not a salvage but instead anticipate transformation (e. g. conversion) of (endangered) languages and cultures. Accordingly, missionary linguistic organizations and institutions strategically enforce an (monopolistic) impact on indigenous and minorities philosophies, socio-politics, economies, laws, religions, languages, and literacies.

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