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Heinrich Graetz - History of the Jews, Vol. 2 (of 6)

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HISTORY OF THE JEWS HISTORY OF THE JEWS BY HEINRICH GRAETZ VOL II From - photo 1

HISTORY OF THE JEWS

HISTORY OF THE
JEWS
BY
HEINRICH GRAETZ
VOL. II
From the Reign of Hyrcanus (135 B. C. E.) to the
Completion of the Babylonian Talmud (500 C. E.)
Publisher's Logo
PHILADELPHIA
The Jewish Publication Society of America
57171956

Copyright, 1893, by
THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form without permission in
writing from the publisher: except by a reviewer
who may quote brief passages in a review to be
printed in a magazine or newspaper.

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CONTENTS.
page
JOHN HYRCANUS.
The Crowning Point of the PeriodWar with Antiochus SidetesSiege of JerusalemTreaty of PeaceThe Parthian WarHyrcanus joins AntiochusSuccessful campaigns of Hyrcanus against the Samaritans and IdumansThe Idumans forced to embrace JudaismDestruction of the Samaritan Temple at Gerizim and of the Capital, SamariaInternal AffairsThe Parties: Pharisees, Sadducees and EssenesTheir Rise and ConstitutionTheir Doctrines and their Relations to one anotherThe SynhedrionStrained Relations between Hyrcanus and the PhariseesDeath of Hyrcanus
135106 B. C. E.
HYRCANUS'S SUCCESSORS, ARISTOBULUS I, ALEXANDER JANNUS, AND SALOME ALEXANDRA.
Character of AristobulusAntigonusMythical Account of his DeathAlexander Jannus: his Character and EnterprisesHis Support of the PhariseesSimon ben ShetachAlexander's Breach with the Pharisees, and its ConsequencesHis last Wars and DeathSalome Alexandra's Relations to the Opposing PartiesThe SynhedrionJudah ben Tabbai and Simon ben ShetachInstitutions against the SadduceesParty HatredDiogenesPersecution of the SadduceesDeath of Alexandra
10669 B. C. E.
HYRCANUS II. ARISTOBULUS II.
Brothers contend for the throneArrangement between the BrothersThe Iduman AntipaterHyrcanus's weaknessAretas besieges JerusalemInterference of RomePompey at JerusalemThe Judan colony in RomeFlaccus in Asia MinorCicero's oration against the JudansWeakening of the power of the SynhedrionShemaya and AbtalionViolent death of Aristobulus and his son AlexanderJulius Csar and the JudansAntipater's sons Phasael and HerodHerod before the SynhedrionOperations of Cassius in JudaMalichAntigonus as KingHerod escapes to Rome
6940 B. C. E.
ANTIGONUS AND HEROD.
Weakness of Antigonus and Herod's Strength of CharacterContest for the ThroneHerod becomes KingProscriptions and ConfiscationsHerod's PolicyAbolition of the Hereditary Tenure of the High PriesthoodDeath of the High Priest AristobulusWar with the ArabiansThe EarthquakeDeath of the last of the HasmonansHillel becomes the Head of the SynhedrionHis System of TraditionMenahem the EsseneShammai and his SchoolMariamneHerod's Magnificence and Passion for BuildingHerod rebuilds the TempleHerod executes his Sons Alexander and AristobulusAntipater and his IntriguesThe Pharisees under HerodThe Destruction of the Roman EagleExecution of Antipater and Death of Herod
403 B. C. E.
THE HERODIANS.
The Family of HerodPartition of the Kingdom of JudaRevolt against ArchelausSabinus and VarusThe Adventurer-Chief Judas the GalilanConfirmation of Herod's WillArchelaus as RulerHis brief Reign and his BanishmentJuda becomes a Roman ProvinceThe Revolt against the CensusThe Schools of Hillel and ShammaiJudas Founder of the Party of ZealotsOnerous TaxationFresh Hostility of the SamaritansExpulsion of the Judans from Rome by TiberiusPontius Pilate
3 B. C. E. 37 C. E.
MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS AND ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY.
The Messianic HopeVarious Conceptions of the Expected MessiahThe Essene Idea of the Kingdom of HeavenJohn the Baptist, his Work and ImprisonmentJesus of Nazareth continues John's LaborsStory of his BirthHis SuccessHis Relations to Judaism and the SectsHis Miraculous Healing of the Sick and Exorcism of DemonsHis Secret Appearance as the MessiahHis Journey to JudaAccusations against him, and his CondemnationThe First Christian Community and its ChiefsThe EbionitesRemoval of Pilate from JudaVitellius, Governor of Syria, favors the Judans
2837 C. E.
AGRIPPA I. HEROD II.
Character of AgrippaEnvy of the Alexandrian Greeks towards the JudansAnti-Judan LiteratureApionMeasures against the Judans in AlexandriaFlaccusJudan Embassy to RomePhiloCaligula's Decision against the Judan EmbassyCaligula orders his Statue to be placed in the TempleThe Death of Caligula relieves the JudansAgrippa's Advance under ClaudiusHis ReignGamaliel the Elder and his AdministrationDeath of AgrippaHerod IIThe False Messiah, TheudasDeath of Herod II
3749 C. E.
SPREAD OF THE JUDAN RACE, AND OF JUDAISM.
Distribution of the Judans in the Roman Empire and in ParthiaRelations of the various Judan Colonies to the SynhedrionJudan Bandits in NaardaHeathen Attacks upon JudaismCounter Attacks upon Heathenism by Judan WritersThe Judan SibylsThe Anti-heathen LiteratureThe Book of WisdomThe AllegoristsPhilo's Aims and Philosophical SystemProselytesThe Royal House of AdiabeneThe Proselyte Queen HelenThe Apostle PaulHis CharacterChange in his Attitude towards the PhariseesHis Activity as a ConversionistHis Treatment of the Law of MosesThe Doctrines of PeterJudaic-Christians and Heathen Christians
4049 C. E.
AGRIPPA II. AND OUTBREAK OF THE WAR.
Position of Affairs in JudaRoman OppressionCharacter of Agrippa IIThe last High PriestThe Zealots and the SicariiEleazar ben DinaiQuarrel with the SamaritansViolence in CsareaThe ProcuratorsFlorusInsurrection in CsareaBloodshed in JerusalemThe Peace and War PartiesThe Leader of the Zealots, Eleazar ben AnaniasMenahem, chief of the ZealotsMassacres of Heathens and JudansDefeat of the RomansThe Synhedrion and its President, Simon ben GamalielPosition of the Synhedrion
4966 C. E.
THE WAR IN GALILEE.
Description of GalileeIts Population and ImportanceThe Rising in GalileeJohn of GischalaFlavius Josephus, his Education and CharacterHis Conduct as Governor of GalileeCommencement of the WarOverthrow of GabaraSiege and Capture of JotapataSurrender of Josephus to the RomansCruelty of VespasianSiege and Capture of Gamala and Mount TaborSurrender of GischalaEscape of John of Gischala to Jerusalem
6667 C. E.
DESTRUCTION OF THE JUDAN STATE.
Galilan Fugitives in JerusalemCondition of the CapitalInternal ContestsThe IdumansEleazar ben Simon, John of Gischala, and Simon Bar-GioraProgress of the WarAffairs in RomeVespasian created EmperorSiege of Jerusalem by TitusHeroic DefenseFamineFall of the Fortress AntoniaBurning of the TempleDestruction of the CityNumber of the Slain
6770 C. E.
THE AFTER-THROES OF THE WAR.
Sufferings of the PrisonersThe ArenaCruelty of TitusEnmity of the AntiochiansTriumph of the Emperor on the occasion of the Conquest of JudaEnd of Simon Bar-Giora and John of GischalaCoins to Commemorate the Roman TriumphFall of the last Fortresses: Herodium, Masada, and MachrusResistance of the Zealots in Alexandria and CyreneEnd of the Temple of OniasThe Last of the ZealotsDeath of Berenice and AgrippaFlavius Josephus and his Writings
7073 C. E.
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