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Francesco Quaresmio - Jerusalem Afflicted: Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-Century Crusade

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Jerusalem Afflicted: Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-Century Crusade: summary, description and annotation

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On Good Friday, 1626, Franciscus Quaresmius delivered a sermon in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem calling on King Philip IV of Spain to undertake a crusade to liberate the Holy Land. Jerusalem Afflicted: Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-century Crusade introduces readers to this unique call to arms with the first-ever edition of the work since its publication in 1631. Aside from an annotated English translation of the sermon, this book also includes a series of introductory chapters providing historical context and textual commentary, followed by an anthology of Spanish crusading texts that testify to the persistence of the idea of crusade throughout the 17th century.

Quaresmius impassioned and thoroughly reasoned plea is expressed through the voice of Jerusalem herself, personified as a woman in bondage. The friar draws on many of the same rhetorical traditions and theological assumptions that first launched the crusading movement at Clermont in 1095, while also bending those traditions to meet the unique concerns of 17th-century geopolitics in Europe and the Mediterranean. Quaresmius depicts the rescue of the Holy City from Turkish abuse as a just and necessary cause. Perhaps more unexpectedly, he also presents Jerusalem as sovereign Spanish territory, boldly calling on Philip as King of Jerusalem and Patron of the Holy Places to embrace his royal duty and reclaim what is rightly his on behalf of the universal faithful. Quaresmius early modern call to crusade ultimately helps us rethink the popular assumption that, like the chivalry imagined by Don Quixote, the crusades somehow died along with the middle ages.

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Jerusalem Afflicted On Good Friday 1626 Franciscus Quaresmius delivered a - photo 1
Jerusalem Afflicted
On Good Friday, 1626, Franciscus Quaresmius delivered a sermon in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem calling on King Philip IV of Spain to undertake a crusade to liberate the Holy Land. Jerusalem Afflicted: Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-century Crusade introduces readers to this unique call to arms with the first-ever edition of the work since its publication in 1631. Aside from an annotated English translation of the sermon, this book also includes a series of introductory chapters providing historical context and textual commentary, followed by an anthology of Spanish crusading texts that testify to the persistence of the idea of crusade throughout the 17th century.
Quaresmius impassioned and thoroughly reasoned plea is expressed through the voice of Jerusalem herself, personified as a woman in bondage. The friar draws on many of the same rhetorical traditions and theological assumptions that first launched the crusading movement at Clermont in 1095, while also bending those traditions to meet the unique concerns of 17th-century geopolitics in Europe and the Mediterranean. Quaresmius depicts the rescue of the Holy City from Turkish abuse as a just and necessary cause. Perhaps more unexpectedly, he also presents Jerusalem as sovereign Spanish territory, boldly calling on Philip as King of Jerusalem and Patron of the Holy Places to embrace his royal duty and reclaim what is rightly his on behalf of the universal faithful. Quaresmius early modern call to crusade ultimately helps us rethink the popular assumption that, like the chivalry imagined by Don Quixote, the crusades somehow died along with the middle ages.
Chad Leahy (PhD) is Assistant Professor of Spanish at the University of Denver.
Ken Tully (MA, MDiv) is currently a graduate student at Oxford University at the Faculty of Theology and Religion and Adjunct Faculty at the Classical Studies Program, Villanova University.
Allegorical engraving representing Jerusalem personified Francisco Jess Maria - photo 2
Allegorical engraving representing Jerusalem personified. Francisco Jess Maria de San Juan del Puerto, Patrimonio Seraphico de Tierra Santa (Madrid, 1724). Image courtesy of Special Collections, University of Arizona Libraries.
Jerusalem Afflicted
Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-century Crusade
Edited and translated by Chad Leahy and Ken Tully
Jerusalem Afflicted Quaresmius Spain and the Idea of a 17th-Century Crusade - image 3
First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2020 selection, translation and editorial matter, Chad Leahy and Ken Tully
The right of Chad Leahy and Ken Tully to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-0-367-26010-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-29098-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Deanta Publishing Services, Chennai, India
To my parents, Joan and Ed Leahy
and
To Valentina DeNardis
For her tireless efforts to promote Classical Studies at Villanova University
Contents
PART 1
Introduction
PART 2
Jerusalem Afflicted
Part 3
Anthology of 17th-century Spanish crusading sources
Allegorical engraving representing Jerusalem personified. Francisco Jess Maria de San Juan del Puerto, Patrimonio Seraphico de Tierra Santa (Madrid, 1724)
Title page of Franciscus Quaresmius, Ierosolymae Afflictae et humiliatae deprecatio ad Philippum IV Hispaniarum novi orbis suumque Regem Potentissimum et Catholicum. Vt libertatem ex Turcarum tyrannide assequatur (Milan, 1631). Image courtesy of Sala del Tesoro, Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno (Buenos Aires, Argentina).
In 1631, Franciscus Quaresmius published a lengthy sermon calling on King Philip IV of Spain to undertake a crusade to liberate the Holy Land from Turkish tyranny. The work has almost entirely escaped scholarly scrutiny for close to four centuries. No studies, translations, or even partial transcriptions of the Latin original have ever been published. The present book aims to correct this trend.
Jerusalem Afflicted in many regards reads as markedly different from other contemporary calls for Spanish crusade, particularly by communing explicitly with centuries of crusade apologetics and oratory, and by largely eschewing the body of popular prophetic narratives monotonously invoked by Quaresmius contemporaries. Quaresmius favors, instead, reasoned exegetical arguments, layered with allusions to legal and economic claims surrounding the Spanish crowns unique patronage of the Holy Places and possession of the throne of Jerusalem. His politically driven hermeneutic offers an intellectual and moral case for why the Spanish crown must undertake a new crusade, largely side-stepping both the abstractions of eschatology and the material practicalities of military strategy or funding. The Spanish national impetus that informs his arguments can thus be read very much as the product of the Franciscans unique situation as a deeply schooled Italian friar who is also a subject of the Spanish crown in the 17th century, steeped in crusade tradition and writing with righteous indignation, invoking the highest moral and spiritual authorities he can muster and twisting the rhetorical screws for all they are worth to spur the king to action.
Quaresmius overtly channels a long tradition of justifications for crusade that stretches back to the 11th-century foundations of the movement. In both invoking and adapting these traditions to his contemporary moment, Quaresmius work moves in parallel but distinct ways from the more familiar traditions of imperial messianism in Iberia that similarly call for a Spanish conquest of the Holy Land. The resulting work reads as diaphanously, even jarringly, traditional and, at the same time, breathtakingly fresh and unique. In sum, we are unaware of other works published during the period that are quite like Jerusalem Afflicted . We are optimistic that other scholars and students will share our conclusion that the work is worth our time and consideration, not as an historical curiosity but as a text that substantively complements what we know about the place of crusade in the 17th century and, more broadly, about the long postmedieval afterlives of the crusading idea.
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