A.K.C. Ottaway - Learning Through Group Experience

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The International Liabray of Sociology

LEARNING THROUGH GROUP EXPERIENCE

Founded by KARL MANNHEIM

The International Library of Sociology

SOCIOLOGY OF BEHAVIOUR AND PSYCHOLOGY

In 18 Volumes

I	The Development of Conscience	Stephenson
II	Disaster (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Wolfenstein
III	The Framework of Human Behaviour	Blackburn
IV	Frustration and Aggression (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Dollard, Miller et al
V	Handbook of Social Psychology (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Young
VI	Human Behaviour and Social Processes (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Rose
VII	The Human Group (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Homans
VIII	Learning Through Group Experience	Ottaway
IX	Personality and Problems of Adjustment (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Young
X	Psychology and the Social Pattern	Blackburn
XI	The Sane Society	Fromm
XII	Sigmund Freud An Introduction	Holitscher
XIII	Social Learning and Imitation	Miller and Dollard
XIV	Society and Nature (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Kelsen
XV	Solitude and Privacy	Halmos
XVI	The Study of Groups	Klein
XVII	Theory of Collective Behaviour (The above title is not available through Routledge in North America)	Smelser
XVIII	Towards a Measure of Man	Halmos

LEARNING THROUGH GROUP EXPERIENCE

by

A. K. C. OTTAWAY

First published in 1966

by Routledge

Reprinted in 1998, 2000, 2001

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

1966 A. K. C. Ottaway

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in The International Library of Sociology. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Learning Through Group Experience

ISBN 0-415-17787-1

The Sociology of Behaviour and Psychology: 18 Volumes

ISBN 0-415-17834-7

The International Library of Sociology: 274 Volumes

ISBN 0-415-17838-X

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent

THIS book is a description of some of the things which happen in small groups of a particular kind. This kind of group I have called a non-directive training group. Its nature and method of working are fully described in , and in later chapters an account is given of how the group process starts and develops, and how the members move towards deeper personal involvement. Throughout the book I have attempted an analysis of the learning process which took place in the groups I have conducted. This is a personal account and it is further illustrated by the personal notes of group members.

Small groups of this non-directive type are coming to be used more widely in the training of social workers, probation officers, prison officers and teachers, whether for initial training or for in-service or refresher courses. I have been taking such groups for several years and the experiences I have described will, I think, be typical of the sort of experiences undergone by those who have been in other groups of this kind. I have offered a conceptual framework by means of which some elements of this particular group process can be clarified and explained. Much more research is needed in this country, in spite. of the elaborate and detailed studies which have been made in the U.S.A. It is hoped that this introductory book will be of help to those who are participating in this kind of work already, as staff members or students, or who are entering upon a training scheme which includes non-directive group methods.

While the techniques I employ have been worked out over a long period the illustrative material has been taken mainly from the work of two groups. My thanks are due to the members of these groups without whose co-operation this book could not have been written. I thank them not only for their regular attendance for so long a period, and for their active participation, but also for the willing permission they gave for the publication of extracts from their private and confidential notes. Anonymity has been preserved by the use of initial letters having no relation to the persons name. I should also explain to my group members that it has only been possible to use here a small proportion of the rich material collected, and any member who has not been quoted need not feel that his help has been any the less valuable for that.

A. K. C. OTTAWAY

The Training Group Physical Conditions The Non-Directive Method The Permissive Climate Personal Involvement and Feedback The Role of the Leader.

THE purpose of this book is to describe the learning process which takes place in small groups of a particular kind. It aims at showing that such groups provide a learning experience which enables their members to gain a better understanding of themselves and their relations to other people. In addition it will indicate that this type of insight into human behaviour cannot easily be achieved as effectively in any other way.

There has been a great deal written about small groups in recent years, especially since the setting up of the Research Centre for Group Dynamics at Ann Arbor, U.S.A., in 1945 and the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, London, in 1947. Groups have been studied from the point of view of decisions and goals, cohesiveness, communication, efficiency, size, social climate, leadership, norms and values, and psychotherapy; in settings which have been experimental, educational, industrial, and clinical. Some idea of the range and scope of this work can be gained by glancing through some of the volumes named in the bibliography1 and by noting the extensive bibliographies these volumes themselves give.

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