Merriam Knight - The Economic Order and Religion

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The International Library of Sociology

THE ECONOMIC ORDER
AND RELIGION

The International Library of Sociology

THE SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION

In 8 Volumes

I	The Economic Order and Religion	Knight et al
II	Islam and the Integration of Society	Watt
III	Religious Behaviour	Argyle
IV	The Sociology of Religion Part One: Established Religion	Stark
V	The Sociology of Religion Part Two: Sectarian Religion	Stark
VI	The Sociology of Religion Part Three: The Universal Church	Stark
VII	The Sociology of Religion Part Four: Types of Religious Man	Stark
VIII	The Sociology of Religion Part Five: Types of Religious Culture	Stark

THE ECONOMIC ORDER
AND RELIGION

by
FRANK KNIGHT
and
THORNTON W MERRIAM

First published in 1948
by Routledge, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd

Reprinted in 1998, 1999, 2000
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

1948 Frank H. Knight and Thornton W. Merriam

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders
of the works reprinted in The International Library of Sociology.
This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would
welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies
we have been unable to trace.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library

The Economic Order and Religion
ISBN 0-415-17586-0
The Sociology of Religion: 8 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17823-1
The International Library of Sociology: 274 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17838-X

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this
reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original
may be apparent

CONTENTS

Part I
LIBERALISM AND CHRISTIANITY
by Frank H. Knight

Part II
ECONOMIC IDEALS OF LIBERAL CHRISTIANITY
by Thornton W. Merriam

Part III
DISCUSSION AND CRITICAL COMMENTS
by the Authors

In this highly fragmented culture of ours books are needed to integrate fields of interest ordinarily considered separately, to state their common problems and to deal with their differences in the light of other criteria than the separate functions and local loyalties of the special interests in themselves. This book was originated with that purpose in mind. Other books in the group are Politics and Public Service by Leonard D. White and T. V. Smith, Architecture and Modern Life by Baker Brownell and Frank Lloyd Wright, Organized Labour and Production by Morris L. Cooke and Philip Murray, Agriculture in Modern Life by O. E. Baker, Ralph Borsodi and M. L. Wilson, The Small Community by Arthur E. Morgan, New Schools for a New Culture by Charles M. MacConnell, Ernest O. Melby and C. O. Arndt.

Specifically this book deals with the practical dualism of our modern morals. With the traditional Christian ethic at one pole and the variegated, often contradictory assemblage of practices and precepts of our secular life at the other, it has never been co-ordinated or made intelligible from within.

The authors: Frank H. Knight is perhaps the best-known writer in the field of ethics in relation to modern economic policy. He is Professor of the Social Sciences and also Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. Formerly he was Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago. He is the author of Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, the Hart Schaffner & Marx Prize Essay, later reprinted by the London School of Economics. He also is the author of The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays, collaborator in The Philosophy of American Democracy and author of numerous papers in economic theory and social ethics.

Thornton W. Merriam is Director of U.S.O. Training of the National Council of the Y.M.C.A. He was formerly Chairman of the Board of Religion at Northwestern University. He was also Executive Director of the National Council on Religion in Higher Education, and a member of the faculty of the School of Applied Social Sciences in Western Reserve University. In 191819, he was a member of the Signal Corps of the A.E.F. He is a member of the Board of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention; also a member of the board of the Religion and Labor Foundation. His interests and experience have been focused in religious practice and policy.

BAKER BROWNELL,

Supervising Editor.

BY THE AUTHORS

This book is mainly two essays, the first by Knight, the second by Merriam. A brief critical study by each author of the main essay of the other makes up the third part of the book. Only this Introduction is a joint product of both of us.

In discussing with each other the problems underlying the book the authors attempted more to achieve clarity with respect to the issues and their own positions than to debate them. The main essays are independent works each written without explicit reference to the position of the other. Only in the critical studies in is an attempt made to point out the specific differences between them and to explore their grounds. To understand problems that are indubitably real and serious, not to wrangle over them, is our main purpose.

It remains for this Introduction to indicate the common grounds of our respective positions as well as their general differences. Men who have grown up in the same cultural environment may be expected to agree on general valuestruth, beauty, goodness, freedom, authorityand to disagree only on their concrete interpretation and application. It is difficult to state briefly and sharply any proposition in the field of religion, ethics and social policy on which there is real opposition, since these disagreements are usually matters of interpretive detail.

The issue between us is focused mainly in the relation between religion, or Christianity, and liberalism. For Knight Christianity and liberalism are opposed in important respects; for Merriam they are basically harmonious. While both authors consider themselves liberal, Merriam does and Knight does not claim the designation Christian. Because modern liberalism, including the main ethical ideals of our civilization, is commonly thought of as essentially Christian, the burden of proof rests on Knight. His essay therefore comes first in the book.

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