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Shimon Edelman - The Happiness of Pursuit: What Neuroscience Can Teach Us About the Good Life

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Shimon Edelman The Happiness of Pursuit: What Neuroscience Can Teach Us About the Good Life
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When fishing for happiness, catch and release. Remember these seven wordsthey are the keys to being happy. So says Shimon Edelman, an expert on psychology and the mind.

In The Happiness of Pursuit, Edelman offers a fundamental understanding of pleasure and joy via the brain. Using the concept of the mind as a computing device, he unpacks how the human brain is highly active, involved in patterned networks, and constantly learning from experience. As our brains predict the future through pursuit of experience, we are rewarded both in real time and in the long run. Essentially, as Edelman discovers, its the journey, rather than the destination, that matters.

The idea that cognition is computationthe brain is a machineis nothing new of course. But, as Edelman argues, the mind is actually a bundle of ongoing computations, essentially, the brain being one of many possible substrates that can support them. Edelman makes the case for these claims by constructing a conceptual toolbox that offers readers a glimpse of the computations underlying the minds faculties: perception, motivation and emotions, action, memory, thinking, social cognition, learning and language. It is this collection of tools that enables us to discover how and why happiness happens.

An informative, accessible, and witty tour of the mind, The Happiness of Pursuit offers insights to a thorough understanding of what minds are, how they relate to each other and to the world, and how we can make the best of it all.

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Table of Contents ALSO BY SHIMON EDELMAN Computing the Mind How the Mind - photo 1
Table of Contents
ALSO BY SHIMON EDELMAN
Computing the Mind: How the Mind Really Works
Representation and Recognition in Vision
TO IRA AND ITAMAR
Teach your parents well
AUTHORS NOTE
According to one popular conception of science that goes all the way back to Francis Bacons invention of it in 1620, scientific endeavor is all about getting answers from nature. That said, given that the quality of answers one gets depends conspicuously on the quality of the questions one asks, scientific inquiries lacking in intrepidity, imagination, and insight are likely to yield little more than scientifically validated tedium.
In the science of human existence, one half expects things to be easier. As someone who lives its subject matter, am I not in the best position to ask questions that go to the heart of it? And yet, it often seems to me that the really important questions hover at right angles to reality, manifesting themselves merely by a faint sense of unease or a premonition that I am about to miss the point of what is happening.
By acting swiftly and decisively, it is sometimes possible to apprehend a fleeting question and put it away for study. Here, I make a public example of four such questions, captured while stalking me on a hike through the canyon country of southern Utah:
1. A juniper tree, hanging on to a gravelly mound in a bend of the canyon, until the next flash flood.
2. A set of lizard tracks in the drying mud.
3. A dusty drive toward a far trailhead, down a narrow wash bordered by steep banks, arriving at length at an impassable sand trap.
4. A butterfly.
As you can see, such questions lose little of their cunning even in captivity, where they pretend that they are not questions at all, or that they are of no concern to the busy scientist and should be released into the custody of poets or philosophers. Such guile is best overcome by setting aside the conventional divisions between science and the humanities. This is why in this book my take on the life of the mind and how to make the most of it, while decidedly scientific, is not entirely conventional.
Home Is Where the Mind Is
No justice, no peace.
A journey is mapped out.
Allons! whoever you are, come travel with me!
Traveling with me, you find what never tires.
WALT WHITMAN,
Leaves of Grass: Song of the Open Road (1892, 82:9)
No Justice, No Peace
When I was eight years old, I read a book in which a few lines of a poem were quoted. The book was Monday Starts on Saturday by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. The poem was by Christopher Logue, in a Russian translation. (I forgot to tell you that this was happening back in the USSR; the books real title was Picture 2Picture 3Picture 4Picture 5Picture 6Picture 7Picture 8Picture 9uPicture 10Picture 11Picture 12Picture 13uPicture 14Picture 15Picture 16mPicture 17Picture 18Picture 19Picture 20Picture 21Picture 22Picture 23Picture 24mPicture 25 .) The book, subtitled very aptly A Fairy Tale for Younger Research Scientists, was about the daily life of applied magicians who work wonders by running experiments and solving equations. Whether or not this book contributed to my own eventual choice of career, I enjoyed it immensely. The poem, in contrast, must have gone right over my headI have no recollection of it from that reading. As I discovered much later, it was an excerpt from Logues Epitaph:
You ask me:
What is the greatest happiness on earth? Two things:
changing my mind
as I change a penny for a shilling;
and
listening to the sound of a young girl
singing down the road
after she has asked me the way.
In subsequent rereadings of the book (once every few years ever since that first time), I have found myself becoming more and more intrigued by the poem. Maybe this is because happiness, with which it deals so deftly, is presented in the book as a challenge to the leading character, who works as the head of the computing center at the National Research Institute for Miracles and Magic. (By that time I was a computer scientist myself, albeit with very little magic and no miracles at all to my credit.) The challenge is implicit in a complaint voiced by an elderly graduate student, Magnus, who for decades now has been writing a dissertation for the Department of Linear Happiness and who offers Logues poem as an example of the difficulties he faces:
Magnus sighed.
Some say one thing, othersanother.
Tough,I said with sympathy.
Isnt it? How would you make sense of all this? To listen to the sound of a girl singing.... And not just any singing, but the girl is supposed to be young, down the road from him, and that too only after having asked him the way.... Is this any way to behave? As if such things could be algorithmized, huh?
For many years, I let those questions be. As a little boy, I was pretty happy not understanding algorithms, or girls. As a teenager, I was too busy trying to actually get a live girl to ask me the way. (As this was still in the USSR, I was unaware that the pursuit of happiness, along with life and liberty, is an inalienable human right, or I would have felt more relaxed about it.) As a computer scientist, I may have been mildly intrigued by whether or not happiness could be captured by an algorithm, but by then I had my own dissertation to worry about. Then I became a professor of psychology (a natural career move for a certain type of computer scientist... stick around and youll see why), and things gradually took an unexpected turn.
I now had an excuse to think, on company time, about anything at all having to do with the human conditiona development that made me feel like a bear that wakes from hibernation to learn that a natural foods store specializing in bulk trail mix and artisanal honey has been built over its den. My research interests, which for many years had been confined to just a couple of the minds facultiesmostly vision, then also languagebegan to broaden. Having discovered the same principles at work in both, I became curious about the rest.
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