J ames R. Lewis, Ph.D., is currently a lecturer in religious studies at DePaul University. His academic works have been published by Cambridge University Press, Rutgers University Press, and Oxford University Press. He is also the author of The Astrology Book and co-author of Angels A to Z. His encyclopedias have been translated into Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Polish, Chinese, and Japanese. Dr. Lewiss academic and popular books have received awards from the New York Public Library Association, the American Library Association, and Choice. He has been interviewed by the Los Angeles Times, New York Times, the British Broadcasting Corp., National Public Radio, and Meet the Press.
Evelyn Oliver, does a transformative type of therapy that is unbelievably effective and powerful in assisting you to create the life of your dreams. Evelyns energy psychology technique of Brain Code Exchanging removes blockages in your business and personal life and replaces them with what you have been trying to achieve despite years of conventional counseling.
During the past 30 years, Evelyn has been interviewed on radio and television, having famous names in Hollywood (as well as infamous criminals) among her clientele. Her telephone consultations have been as far away as Australia, Columbia, England, Russia, and Iraq. Evelyn has co-authored The Dream Encyclopedia and Angels A to Z, and is the author of Dream Yourself Awake for Women.
ALSO FROM VISIBLE INK PRESS
Angels A to Z, 2nd Edition
by Evelyn Dorothy Oliver and James R Lewis ISBN: 978-1-57859-212-8
Armageddon Now: The End of the World A to Z
by Jim Willis and Barbara Willis ISBN: 978-1-57859-168-8
The Astrology Book: The Encyclopedia of Heavenly Influences, 2nd Edition
by James R. Lewis ISBN: 978-1-57859-144-2
Encyclopedia of Christmas
by Tanya Gulevich ISBN: 978-0-78080-455-5
The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena
by J. Gordon Melton ISBN: 978-1-57859-209-8
The Fortune-telling Book: The Encyclopedia of Divination and Soothsaying
by Raymond Buckland ISBN: 978-1-57859-147-3
The Handy Religion Answer Book
by John Renard ISBN: 978-1-57859-125-1
Real Ghosts, Restless Spirits, and Haunted Places
by Brad Steiger ISBN: 978-1-57859-146-6
The Religion Book: Places, Prophets, Saints, and Seers
by Jim Willis ISBN: 978-1-57859-151-0
The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication
by Raymond Buckland ISBN: 978-1-57859-172-5
The Witch Book: The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft, Wicca, and Neo-paganism
by Raymond Buckland ISBN: 978-1-57859-114-5
Copyright 2009 by Visible Ink Press
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Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile
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ISBN 978-1-57859-216-6
Cover image: clouds iStockphoto.com/Nick Belton. Back cover: jumping horse iStockphoto.com/Hedda Gjerpen; moon NASA.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lewis, James R.
The dream encyclopedia/ by James R. Lewis and Evelyn Dorothy Oliver.2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-57859-216-6
1. DreamsDictionaries. 2. Dream interpretationDictionaries. I. Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy. II. Title.
BF1091.L53 2009
154.6303dc22
2009005132
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
We dedicate this book to our elegant daughter,
Doreen Elyse Berman, and her distinguished husband, Alex Llarena.
Each possesses a brilliance, charm, and entertaining wit,
making them a dream couple that everyone loves and wants to be around.
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
T hanks to the Center for Academic Publishing for permission to reprint material from Evelyn Olivers Dream Yourself Awake for Women.
A sincere thank you goes to Michela Zonta, who researched and wrote some of the historical and many of the world culture entries; and to Nicole Ruskelle who wrote a few of the dictionary entries and who supported this project in other, less tangible ways.
At Visible Ink Press, we are grateful to Roger Jnecke for encouraging us to undertake this second edition, and Kevin Hile who helped bring this project to fruition.
Last but not least, we would like to thank our literary agent, Daniel Bial.
I NTRODUCTION
D reams have long exercised a fascination over the human imagination. We spend approximately one-third of our lives in a state of sleep, much of the night filled with dreams. Peculiarly vivid or disturbing dreams leave behind impressions that are hard to dismiss. But what are dreams? And what significance, if any, do they have for the dreamer?
As early as the fourth century B.C.E., the Chinese philosopher Chuang-tzu raised the following conundrum:
While men are dreaming, they do not perceive that it is a dream. Some will even have a dream in a dream, and only when they awake they know it was all a dream. And so, when the Great Awakening comes upon us, shall we know this life to be a great dream. Fools believe themselves to be awake now.
Once upon a time, I, Chuang-tzu, dreamed I was a butterfly, fluttering hither and thither, to all intents and purposes a butterfly. I was conscious only of following my fancies as a butterfly, and was unconscious of my individuality as a butterfly. Suddenly I was awakened, and there I lay myself again. Now I do not know whether I was a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am a butterfly now dreaming I am a man.
There are various ways of responding to Chuang-tzus observations. Some traditional cultures may place the realm of dreams on an equal footing with the realm of everyday consciousness, as Chuang-tzu appears to do. This is clearly the case for Australian aborigines who choose in some cases not to distinguish between waking events and dream events. Chuang-tzus remarks also suggest that perhaps the world as we ordinarily experience it is no more real than a dream. Traditional Eastern philosophies often espouse the assertion that this world is as illusory as a dream.