Robert Roth - British Empiricism and American Pragmatism: New Directions and Neglected Arguments

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title	:	British Empiricism and American Pragmatism : New Directions and Neglected Arguments
author	:	Roth, Robert J.
publisher	:	Fordham University Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0823213927
print isbn13	:	9780823213924
ebook isbn13	:	9780585148373
language	:	English
subject	Empiricism, Philosophy, British, Pragmatism, Philosophy, American.
publication date	:	1993
lcc	:	B816.R68 1993eb
ddc	:	144/.3/0973
subject	:	Empiricism, Philosophy, British, Pragmatism, Philosophy, American.

Page iii British Empiricism and American Pragmatism New Directions and Neglected Arguments by Robert J. Roth, S. J. Fordham University Press New York 1993

Page iv Copyright 1993 by Fordham University Press All rights reserved LC93-3064 ISBN 0-8232-1391-9 (clothbound) ISBN 0-8232-1392-7 (paperback) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roth, Robert J. British empiricism and American pragmatism: new directions and neglected arguments / Robert J. Roth. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8232-1391-9. ISBN 0-8232-1392-7 (pbk.) 1. Empiricism. 2. Philosophy, British. 3. Pragmatism. 4. Philosophy, American. I. Title. B816.R68 1993 144'.3'0973dc2093-3064 CIP Printed in the United States of America

Page v Contents Preface vii Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations x 1. Experience 1 2. Cause and Effect, and Necessary Connection 29 3. Personal Identity 60 4. Moral, Social, and Political Theories: The Empiricists 90 5. Moral, Social, and Political Theories: The Pragmatists 136 6. New Directions and Neglected Challenges 182 Bibliography 195 Index 201

Page vii Preface It is not unusual for philosophers to talk about the various "turns" that philosophy has taken in the course of its history. By this they mean new directions begun by individuals or traditions that have departed significantly from previous currents of thought. Thus Socrates initiated the "turn inward," away from a consideration of the material cosmos and toward the person as a citizen of the polis. Descartes took the "subjectivist" or ''epistemological turn" toward the self as the starting point and foundation of knowledge. There followed the "empiricist turn" as a reaction against rationalism, quickly succeeded by the ''Kantian" or "idealist turn." In more modern times, we have become familiar with the positivist, linguisticmay we even say deconstructionist?turns, proceeding successively or sometimes simultaneously. It can be argued that none of these directions represented a totally new beginning, wholly detached from what went before. Socrates had roots in the pre-Socratic tradition, and Descartes was more of a medievalist than he himself realized. Moreover, the turns that were taken were not one-dimensional, focusing on a single issue, but included many problems clustered tightly or loosely around a central perspective. I have tried in the present volume to describe the "pragmatic turn" in relation to British empiricism. Over many years of teaching and writing on British empiricism and American pragmatism, I have long been conscious of the influence of the former on the latter. This does not imply any great insight on my part, since to anyone working in these two traditions the links between them as well as their sharp differences are readily apparent. But it is only lately that I have focused more directly on some specific problems with which the pragmatists have taken issue with their predecessors and have given the empirical tradition new directions. Moreover, there is no attempt to repeat or supplant other fine works that have already been done on empiricism and pragmatism. I have simply selected a number of

Page viii themes which in my opinion have not been sufficiently aired and which deserve further consideration. These can be called "neglected arguments," an obvious reference to Peirce's defense of theism, though with a different purpose.

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