James E. Girard - Principles Of Environmental Chemistry

PRINCIPLES OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMISTRY

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Chief Executive Officer: Ty Field

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Cover Image: Pichugin Dmitry/ShutterStock, Inc.

Printing and Binding: Edwards Brothers Malloy

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To order this product, use ISBN 978-1-4496-9352-7

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Girard, James.

Principles of environmental chemistry / James Girard.3rd ed.

p. cm.

ISBN 978-1-4496-5015-5 (alk. paper)

1. Environmental chemistry. I. Title.

QD33.2.G57 2013

628.501'54dc23

2012021748

6048

Printed in the United States of America

17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedicated to my wife, Connie Diamant, the real environmentalist in our home.

Image Vividfour/ShutterStock, Inc.

Image Vividfour/ShutterStock, Inc.

Image Vividfour/ShutterStock, Inc.

Principles of Environmental Chemistry, Third Edition has been revised and updated in response to comments and suggestions from reviewers and users of the second edition. All chapters have been updated to highlight events and initiatives that have transpired since the last edition, such as:

1. The tsunami in Japan, its causes and effects on Japanese nuclear power industry

2. Deep ocean drilling for oil and the effects of a disaster such as the Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico

3. How to reduce soot in diesel truck emissions to meet new regulations

4. Changing the relationship between water use and economic growth in developing countries

5. Canadian tar sands and the Keystone XL pipeline

6. Induced hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and the production of natural gas

7. The future of the thorium nuclear reactor

8. Biofuelsethanol from cellulose

9. The introduction of lifecycle assessments

10. Resource decoupling and the development of the third world

Users of the second edition lamented the loss of the chapter on soil and agriculture () makes its return to the third edition.

In response to reviewers preferences, a new chapter on sustainability and green chemistry has been included. I spent my last sabbatical leave as a Franklin Fellow in the U.S. Department of State. While there, I coordinated the U.S.s report to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD). The CSD-18 report, which focused on U.S. initiatives in chemicals, mining, transport, waste management, and sustainable consumption and production, can be found at http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?menu=1135. During my time at the Department of State, I was also fortunate to be appointed the U.S. representative to the UNs International Resource Panel. I am pleased that I can share what I learned about sustainability with students using this text. I also want to thank Professor Jonathan Kenny of Tufts University for his review of this new chapter.

I am happy to receive comments and suggestions about the content of this book at .

Chapter Elements

Examples and Exercises Illustrative worked examples, each one accompanied by a challenging practice exercise, are included throughout the text, particularly in the chapters covering basic chemical principles.

Keywords and Concepts Lists of keywords and concepts introduced in the chapter are included at chapters end to help reinforce the most important information.

. Quantitative, review, and discussion-type questions are included.

Additional Sources of Information A bibliography provides sources for the material covered in the chapter and serves as a suggested list for further reading.