Garland - Greece and Rome An Integrated History of the Ancient Mediterranean Lecture One

Greece and Rome:

An Integrated History

of the Ancient Mediterranean

Part I

Professor Robert Garland

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Robert Garland, Ph.D.

Roy D. and Margaret B. Wooster Professor of the Classics

Colgate University

Professor Robert Garland is Roy D. and Margaret B. Wooster Professor of the Classics at Colgate University, where he is currently serving his 13th year as Chair of the Department of the Classics, and where since 2006 he has also served as Director of the Division of the Humanities. He received his B.A. in Classics from The University of Manchester in 1969, where he graduated with First Class Honors. He obtained his M.A. in Classics from McMaster University in Ontario in 1973 and his Ph.D. in Ancient History from University College London in 1981. He is the recipient of the George Grote Prize in Ancient History (1982). He was a Fulbright Scholar and Junior Fellow at the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington, DC (19851986), and a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton (1990). He has taught at the University of Reading, the University of London, Keele University, and the University of Maryland at College Park. He was also the Benjamin Meaker Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Bristol (1995).

His research focuses on the social, religious, political, and cultural history of both Greece and Rome. He has written 10 books and many articles in both academic and popular journals. His books include The Greek Way of Death (2nd ed., Bristol Classical Press, 2001); The Piraeus: From the Fifth to the First Century B.C. (2nd ed., Bristol Classical Press, 2001); The Greek Way of Life: From Conception to Old Age (Duckworth and Cornell, 1990); IntroducingNew Gods: The Politics of Athenian Religion (Duckworth, 1992); Religion and the Greeks (Bristol Classical Press, 1994); The Eye of the Beholder: Deformity and Disability in the Graeco-Roman World (Duckworth and Cornell, 1995); Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks (Greenwood, 1998; Greek translation, 2001); Surviving Greek Tragedy (Duckworth, 2004); Julius Caesar (Bristol Phoenix Press, 2004); and most recently, Celebrity in Antiquity: FromMedia Tarts to Tabloid Queens (Duckworth, 2006). He has been a consultant and discussant for several television productions on the ancient world.

2008 The Teaching Company.

i

Table of Contents

Greece and Rome: An Integrated History of the Ancient Mediterranean

Professor Biography .....................................................................................................................................................i Course Scope................................................................................................................................................................1

Lecture One

Who Were the Greeks? Who Were the Romans?.................................................2

Lecture Two

Trade and Travel in the Mediterranean ................................................................4

Lecture Three

Democratic

or Republican....................................................................................6

Lecture Four

Law

and

Order......................................................................................................8

Lecture Five

Less than Fully Human.......................................................................................10

Lecture Six

Close

Encounters, 750272 B.C.........................................................................12

Lecture Seven

The Velvet Glove, 272190 B.C........................................................................14

Lecture Eight

How the Two Polytheisms (Almost) Merged.....................................................16

Lecture Nine

The

Iron

Fist, 190146 B.C................................................................................18

Lecture Ten

The Last Hellenistic Dynasts, 14631 B.C.........................................................20

Lecture Eleven

Why the Greeks Lost, Why the Romans Won....................................................22

Lecture Twelve

Philhellenism and Hellenophobia.......................................................................24

Lecture Thirteen

The Two Languages ...........................................................................................26

Lecture Fourteen

Leisure and Entertainment..................................................................................28

Lecture Fifteen

Sex and Sexuality ...............................................................................................30

Lecture Sixteen

Death and the Afterlife .......................................................................................32

Lecture Seventeen

From Mystery Religion to Ruler Cult.................................................................34

Lecture Eighteen

Greek Cities under Roman Rule.........................................................................36

Lecture Nineteen

Greeks in Rome, Romans in Greece...................................................................38

Lecture Twenty

The Hellenism of Augustus ................................................................................40

Lecture Twenty-One

Art, Looting, and Reproductions ........................................................................42

Lecture Twenty-Two Architecture,

Sacred and Secular........................................................................44

Lecture Twenty-Three Science

and

Technology.....................................................................................46

Lecture Twenty-Four

Disease, Medical Care, and Physicians ..............................................................48

Lecture Twenty-Five

The Greek Epic and Its Roman Echo .................................................................50

Lecture Twenty-Six

Tragedy and Comedy ........................................................................................52

Lecture Twenty-Seven Love

Poetry,

Satire,

History, the Novel..............................................................54

Lecture Twenty-Eight