Edmund S. Higgins Md - Neuroscience of Clinical Psychiatry: The Pathophysiology of Behavior and Mental Illness

The Neuroscience of Clinical Psychiatry

The Pathophysiology of Behavior and Mental Illness

Third Edition

Edmund S. Higgins, MD

Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Mark S. George, MD

Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurosciences, Layton McCurdy Endowed Chair, Director, Brain Stimulation Laboratory (BSL)

Editor-in-Chief

Brain Stimulation

Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

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Third edition

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Higgins, Edmund S., author. | George, Mark S. (Mark Stork), 1958-author.

Title: The neuroscience of clinical psychiatry : the pathophysiology of behavior and mental illness / Edmund S. Higgins, Mark S. George.

Description: Third edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017058724 | ISBN 9781496372000 (alk. paper)

Subjects: | MESH: Mental Disordersphysiopathology | Nervous Systemphysiopathology | Neuropsychologymethods

Classification: LCC RC483 | NLM WM 140 | DDC 616.89dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058724

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LWW.com.

To my two sons, who assisted with the artwork on Tuesday mornings at local coffee shops while waiting for school to start.

ESH

To my many mentorsfour formally designated in research fellowships, numerous others whove just helped and taught along the wayand the students and patients who have taught me so much as well. May we all be lifelong students!!

MSG

Neuroscience is the basic science of psychiatry. Neuroscience describes the brain mechanisms that

Psychiatric disorders are the result of problems with these mechanisms.

The increased accessibility to the workings of the brain in the past 30 years has resulted in an explosion of information about neuroscience. Different lines of research such as brain imaging and animal studies along with more traditional postmortem analysis, study of medication effects, and genetic studies have transformed the way we conceptualize normal and abnormal behavior.

Bits and pieces of the neuroscience literature have filtered up to the practicing clinician, but a comprehensive understanding of the field is almost inaccessible to all but the most dedicated self-educators. The jargon is foreign and difficult to navigate. The standard textbooks are thick with contributions from multiple authors and almost impossible to read cover to cover. The relevance to the practice of psychiatry can sometimes be hard to appreciate.

We hope this book will provide a way for residents and practicing clinicians to gain a thorough appreciation for the mechanisms within the brain that are stimulating (or failing to stimulate) their patients. We also hope that the reader will have more accurate answers for the patient who asks, Whats causing my problem? Likewise, we hope the reader will be better prepared for the increasingly difficult neuroscience questions that appear on board certification tests.

If weve learned anything from our studies on the brain, it is that LEARNING IS WORK! The brain increases its metabolism when conducting academic assignments. The process of focusing ones attention, understanding the concepts, and storing the new information requires energy. There is no passive learning.

Consequently, when learning is interesting and relevant it requires less energy. We have made every effort to make this material appealing and easy to consume. Pictures, drawings, and graphs have been liberally incorporated to allow the reader to learn the concepts quickly and efficiently. Every effort has been made to keep the material short and concise, but not too simple. Finally, we think information that is relevant to the reader is easier to retain, so we have tried to keep bringing the focus back to the practice of psychiatry.

We intend our book to be for three populations. First, it is for those in training: psychiatrists, psychologists, counselors, and allied physicians. Second, it is for psychiatric residents seeking to review the topics in preparation for their board examinations. And last, it is for the practicing clinician who was trained before the revolution in neuroscience and who would like to become more up-to-date and familiar with the field.