Robert E. Hales - The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry

i The American Psychiatric Publishing
TEXTBOOK OF
PSYCHIATRY

SIXTH EDITION

ii Editorial Board

Jack D. Barchas, M.D. Barklie McKee Henry Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Psychiatrist-in-Chief, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New YorkPresbyterian Hospital, New York, New York

Carl C. Bell, M.D. Director, Institute for Juvenile Research; Professor, Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago

Jonathan F. Borus, M.D. Chair Emeritus and Senior Psychiatrist, Brigham and Womens Hospital; Stanley Cobb Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Joseph T. Coyle, B.A., M.D. Eben S. Draper Chair of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Peter Fonagy, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.B.A. Freud Memorial Professor of Psychoanalysis; Head, Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology; and Chief Executive, Anna Freud Centre, University College London, United Kingdom; Adjunct Professor, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Robert Freedman, M.D. Psychiatrist, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology; Chair, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver

Robert E. Hales, M.D., M.B.A. Joe P. Tupin Chair and Distinguished Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; Medical Director, Sacramento County Mental Health; and Editor-in-Chief, Books, American Psychiatric Publishing

Dilip V. Jeste, M.D. Estelle and Edgar Levi Chair in Aging; Director, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging; Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences; Director of Education, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego

Petros Levounis, M.D., M.A. Chair and Chief of Service, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey

Robert Michels, M.D. Walsh McDermott University Professor of Medicine, and University Professor of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Katharine A. Phillips, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Director of Research Training, General Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Senior Research Scientist, Director of Research for Adult Psychiatry, and Director of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Program, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Laura Weiss Roberts, M.D., M.A. Chairman and Katharine Dexter McCormick and Stanley McCormick Memorial Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Chief, Psychiatry Service, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California; and Editor-in-Chief, Academic Psychiatry

Donna E. Stewart, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. University Professor, Chair of Womens Health; Senior Scientist, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stuart C. Yudofsky, M.D. D.C. and Irene Ellwood Professor and Chairman, and Drs. Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Presidential Chair of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; and Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

SIXTH EDITION

EDITED BY

Robert E. Hales, M.D., M.B.A.
Stuart C. Yudofsky, M.D.
Laura Weiss Roberts, M.D., M.A.

With Foreword by
David J. Kupfer, M.D.

iv Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family.

Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing (APP) represent the findings, conclusions, and views of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of APP or the American Psychiatric Association.

If you would like to buy between 25 and 99 copies of this or any other American Psychiatric Publishing title, you are eligible for a 20% discount; please contact Customer Service at appi for a price quote.

Diagnostic criteria included in this book are reprinted, with permission, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Copyright 2013, American Psychiatric Association. Some criteria sets contain only the diagnostic criteria and subtypes and specifiers; readers are referred to DSM-5 for full criteria sets, including subtype and specifier descriptions and coding and reporting procedures.

Copyright 2014 American Psychiatric Association
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper
18 17 16 15 14 5 4 3 2 1
Sixth Edition

Typeset in Adobes Helvetica Std and Palatino Std.

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a Division of American Psychiatric Association
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry / edited by Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Laura Weiss Roberts; with foreword by David J. Kupfer.Sixth edition.
p. ; cm.

Textbook of psychiatry

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-58562-444-7 (hbk. : alk. paper)

I. Hales, Robert E., editor of compilation. II. Yudofsky, Stuart C., editor of compilation. III. Roberts, Laura Weiss, 1960, editor of compilation. IV. American Psychiatric Publishing, issuing body. V. Title: Textbook of psychiatry.

[DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders. 2. Psychiatry. WM 100]

RC454

616.89dc23

2013047635

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.

v In our twenty-fifth year as Editors of this Textbook, we extend

Abiding respect to our mentors who inspired us; Deepest gratitude to our colleagues who assisted us; Infinite love for our families who support us; And unbridled hopes for our students who will succeed us