Paul Cartledge - The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others (OPUS)

PAUL CARTLEDGE

Oxford New York OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

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Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP

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Paul Cartledge 1993

First published 1993 as an Oxford University Press paperback and simultaneously in a hardback edition

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cartledge, Paul.

The Greeks: a portrait of self and others / Paul Cartledge.

p. cm. 'An OPUS book.'

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. National characteristics, Greek. 2. Difference (Philosophy). 3. Greece--Civilization--To 146 B.C. I. Title. 938--dc20 DF78.C28 1993 92-45898

ISBN 0-19-289147-2 Pbk

5 7 9 10 8 6

Printed in Great Britain by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading, Berkshire

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To the St Paul's Schools, London, and the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge

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Acknowledgements

I HAVE to thank, first, the Oxford University Press, especially the academic editors of the OPUS series and its editorial director Ms Catherine Clarke, for the challenge they posed me by commissioning this book. Secondly, I am in the debt of David Konstan of Brown University, and Lene Rubinstein of Churchill College, Cambridge, who quite out of the line of normal duty subjected my penultimate and ultimate drafts respectively to the most searching and fruitful cross-examination. Thirdly, I have, I trust, profited from the observations of Oxford's peculiarly acute and assiduous anonymous reader. But above all this book is owed to the successive cohorts of Cambridge undergraduates who endured my 'The Greeks and "the Other"' lectures between 1989/90 and 1992/3, and to the friends and colleagues who helped me with the teaching of the course: Peter Garnsey, Penny Glare, Simon Goldhill, Edith Hall, Jonathan Hall, John Henderson, Geoffrey Lloyd, Paul Millett, Neville Morley, Sitta von Reden, Dorothy Thompson, and (by no means least) Jonathan Walters. It is to the Faculty which they represent or have, represented that this book is dedicated, in a spirit not of alienation but of homonoia, likeminded identification; as it is also to the St Paul's Schools, my other principal educational preoccupation, in the same spirit.

P.A.C.

Trumpington September 1992

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Contents

Map 1. Hellas: The Greek Worldc.400 BCE

Map 2. The Aegean Heartland

Chronological Reference Points

Abbreviations

Prologue

1. Significant Others: Us v. Them

2. Inventing the Past: History v. Myth

3. Alien Wisdom: Greeks v. Barbarians

4. Engendering History: Men v. Women

5. In the Club: Citizens v. Aliens

6. Of Inhuman Bondage: Free v. Slave

7. Knowing Your Place: Gods v. Mortals

Epilogue

Further Reading

Bibliography

Index

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Hellas : The Greek World c.400 BCE

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The Aegean Heartland

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Chronological Reference Points

508/7	Democracy founded at Athens.
490	Battle of Marathon.
486	Death of Persian Great King Darius, succeeded by Xerxes (486-465). First competition in comic drama at Athens.
484?	Birth of Herodotus (d. 425?).
480-479	Expedition of Xerxes against Greece.
480	Greek naval victory at Salamis; Xerxes withdraws.
479	Further Greek victories, on land at Plataia, by land and sea at Cape Mykale in Ionia. End of 'Persian Wars'.
477	First Athenian Sea-League established against Persian threat.
472	Aeschylus' Persians (Perikles as impresario).
Early 460s	Victory of Kimon at Eurymedon in south-west Anatolia removes Persian presence from Aegean.
465	Death of Xerxes; accession of Artaxerxes I (to 424).
461-451	Further democratic developments at Athens.
461	Reforms of Ephialtes and Perikles (downgrading of Areiopagos, institution of People's Court with state-pay for jurors).
458	Oresteia trilogy of Aeschylus.
451/0	Perikles' Citizenship Law.
460?	Birth of Thucydides (d. 400?).
460-445	Athens at war against Sparta and against Persia.
460-457	Construction of 'Long Walls' from Athens to Peiraieus.