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Dinçer İbrahim - Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming

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Dinçer İbrahim Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming
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    Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming
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An in-depth collection of 45 selected papers as presented at the Global Conference on Global Warming 2014 in Beijing, China, this book covers a wide variety of topics from the main principles of thermodynamics and their role in design, analysis, and the improvements in performance of energy systems to the potential impact of global warming on human health and welfare. With energy, contributing to global warming and climate change, this work provides solutions to global warming from the point of view of energy. Incorporating multi-disciplinary knowledge and solutions, this book provides a platform for the analysis of new developments in the area of global warming and climate change and potential energy solutions including renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy storage, hydrogen production, CO2 capture and environmental impact assessment. The research and analysis presented herein will prove useful to international scientists, researchers, engineers, policy makers and others that focus on global warming and its potential solutions.;Renewable Energy -- Energy Efficiency -- New Energy Conversion and System -- Energy Storage -- Efficient Energy Conversion by Utilizing CO2 -- Heat Transport -- Carbon Control -- Resource recovery by low grade energy.

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Dinçer İbrahim - Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming
Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming
Dinçer İbrahim
Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming

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Part I
Renewable Energy
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
XinRong Zhang and Ibrahim Dincer (eds.) Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming Lecture Notes in Energy 10.1007/978-3-319-26950-4_1
1. Development of Supercritical CO2 Solar Rankine Cycle System
Hiroshi Yamaguchi 1 and Xin-Rong Zhang 1
(1)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Conversion Research Center, Doshisha University, Tatara, Kyotanabe-Shi Kyoto Prefecture, 610-0321, Japan
Hiroshi Yamaguchi
Email:
Abstract
A supercritical CO2 solar Rankine cycle system, an innovation of a new concept for global warming solution by using CO2 as a natural working fluid is introduced and the development of the novel system is presented. The system consists of solar collectors, power generation turbine, heat exchangers, and mechanical feed pump (or a novel concept the so-called thermally driven pump). This system is particularly characterized by CO2 transcritical Rankine cycle with newly developed system elements, which include evacuated tube solar collector, turbine, gasliquid heat exchanger, feed pump and other flow regulating elements. In this article much attention is given to the thermally driven pump, which shows promising performance data, when replacing for a mechanical feed pump in the system. Preliminary results gained from a prototype system installed for an actual operation under extracting solar thermal energy, producing electric and heat energy, indicate that the system has more advantages against a fossil fueled cogeneration system. The developed system represents highly potential solution and idea to solve the global warming crisis, and also can give a clue to a path of future energy creation technique for green energy resources.
Keywords
Solar energy Supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle Heat collection Heat recovery Power generation Transcritical cycle CO2 turbine Thermally driven pump Economic Environment Global warming
Nomenclature
A
Area (m2)
d
Diameter (m)
h
Specific enthalpy (J/kg)
I t
Total solar radiation during the test time period per day (MJ)
L
Tube length (m)
Thermal conductivity for fluid (W/(m-K))
M e
Reduction of CO2 emission per year (kg)
M p
Saving of petroleum per year (L)
Nu
Nusselt number ()
Nu x
Local Nusselt number ()
m
Mass flow rate (kg/s)
p
Pressure (MPa)
Pr
Prandtl number ()
Q in
Heat quantity absorbed (W)
Q out
Heat recovery (W)
q ct
Total heat quantity collected in the collector during the test time period per day (MJ)
q i
Incident solar flux (W/m2)
q
Heat flux (W/m2)
Density (kg/m3)
r
Radial vertical coordinator (m)
r 0
Tube radial (m)
R
Dimension less radial coordinator; R = r / r 0 ()
Re
Reynold number ()
T
Temperature (C)
T a
Ambient temperature (C)
T f
Average collector inlet fluid temperature (C)
Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
W power
Power generation (W)
x
Axial coordinate (m)
X
Temperature profile; X = x / L ()
Greek Letters
Efficiency(%)
collector
Collector efficiency (%)
power
Power generation efficiency (%)
heat
Heat recovery efficiency (%)
th
Thermal efficiency (%)
gen
Turbine efficiency (%)
Subscripts
Positions shown in Fig.
P
Pump
T
Turbine
s
Surface area of evacuated tube solar collector
CO2
Mass flow rate of CO2
Acronyms
CFC
Chlorofluorocarbon
GWP
Global warming potential
OPD
Ozone depletion potential
PV
Photovoltaic
SUS
Grade stainless steel
USD
United States Dollar
Chemical Compounds
CO2
Carbon dioxide
NH3
Ammonia
H2O
Water
C3H8
Propane
Introduction
The issue of global warming is one of the most corporate issues from all sides with interdisciplinary efforts [].
The main energy resources, which propel the world nowadays, come from the fossil fuel in terms of industrial, transportation, and also house hold usage. For decades, fossil fuel produces wasteful and harmful emission to the environment, affecting all of the life on the earth. Amid shout of request for sending effective solution, there are many attempts for improving the fossil energy usage efficiently. However, in reality the limitation and high unit cost of the fossil fuel make the world facing energy crisis as we human being realized the seriousness of the issue [].
In the point of preventing global warming and greenhouse effect, the natural working fluid CO2 is contemporarily used in the thermo-fluid cycle, and in effect which has strong demands for developing new technology to its usage based on ecologically safe and secure []. The thermo-physical properties indicate that CO2 easily changed its phase to supercritical phase in moderate operating condition due to its low critical point. It has a great potential for high efficiency, when used as working fluid, with the operation temperature in the range of 30200 C in the thermo-fluid cycle.
Table 1
Characteristic of some working fluids
Properties
R -
R -
R - 134a
R - 407C
R - 410A
R -
R -
R -
ODP/GWP
1/8500
0.05/1700
0/1300
0/1600
0/1900
0/0
0/3
0/1
Flammability/toxicity
N/N
N/N
N/N
N/N
N/N
Y/Y
Y/N
N/N
Molecular mass (kg/kmol)
120.9
86.5
86.2
72.6
44.1
Critical pressure (Mpa)
4.11
4.97
4.07
4.64
4.79
11.42
4.25
7.38
Critical temperature (C)
101.1
86.1
70.2
96.7
31.1
Reduced pressurea
0.07
0.1
0.07
0.11
0.16
0.04
0.11
0.47
Reduced temperatureb
0.71
0.74
0.73
0.76
0.79
0.67
0.74
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