Carl P. Swanson - Ever-expanding horizons: the dual informational sources of human evolution
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Ever-expanding horizons: the dual informational sources of human evolution
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Ever-expanding Horizons : The Dual Informational Sources of Human Evolution
author
:
Swanson, Carl P.
publisher
:
University of Massachusetts Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0870233912
print isbn13
:
9780870233913
ebook isbn13
:
9780585251912
language
:
English
subject
Human evolution, Social evolution.
publication date
:
1983
lcc
:
GN281.4.S96 1983eb
ddc
:
573.2
subject
:
Human evolution, Social evolution.
Page iii
Ever-Expanding Horizons
The Dual Informational Sources of Human Evolution
Carl P. Swanson
Page iv
The publisher acknowledges permission to reprint selections from material under copyright.
"Evolution" by May Swenson. From New and Selected Things Taking Place. Copyright 1954 by May Swenson. First appeared in Discovery 3. By permission of Little, Brown and Company in association with the Atlantic Monthly Press.
From George Gamow, Matter, Earth, and Sky, 1965, p. I05. Reprinted by permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
From Nan Fairbrother, Man and Gardens. Reprinted by permission of the author's Literary Estate and The Hogarth Press, Ltd.
Designed by Mary Mendell
Copyright 1983 by The University of Massachusetts Press
All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America
LC 82-21750 ISBN 0-87023-391-2 (cloth), 0-87023-392-0 (pbk)
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book.
Page v
Contents
Preface
ix
One. Introduction
1
Two. The Making of Adam or Ever-Expanding Horizons
35
Three. The Informational Bases of Evolving Systems
65
Four. A Further Comparison of Biogenes and Sociogenes
107
Five. Organic and Cultural Evolution
129
Six. A Summing Up
147
Bibliography
151
Index
157
Page vi
To my mother Anna P. (Nordstrand) Swanson in this, her 93d year a small tribute to a great lady
Page vii
Evolution
May Swenson, 1963
the stone the same that rises would like to be in the Tree Alive like me the longing in the Lion's call the rooted tree speaks for all longs to be Free oh to Endure the mute beast like the stone envies my fate sufficient Articulate to itself alone on this ball or Reincarnate half dark like the tree half light be born each spring i walk Upright to greenery i lie Prone within the night or like the lion without law beautiful each Shape to roam the Wild to see on velvet paw wonderful each Thing to name but if walking here a stone i meet there a tree a Creature like me here a river on the street there a Flame two-legged with human face Marvelous to Stroke to recognize the patient beasts is to Embrace within their yoke wonders pale how i Yearn beauties dim for the lion during my delight in his den with Him though he spurn the touch of men an Evolution strange two Tongues touch the longing exchange that i know a Feast unknown is in the Stone also to stone it must be or tree or beast
Page ix
Preface
The genesis of this volume can be traced back some eighteen years to my reading of an article by V. R. Potter ( 1964) in Science, in which he discussed briefly the notion that ideas are the cultural analogue of DNA, that is, that ideas are the source of cultural information as well as the basic units of cultural evolution. I had, by that time, begun to put together lecture material which eventually was published as The Natural History of Man (Swanson 1973). Potter's point of view continued to intrigue me, and although I had dealt with the problem only briefly and rather casually, I coined the term sociogene to identify those ideas that, maturing into shared concepts and interacting with the expressed information encoded in DNA, led to the emergence of the human phenotype with which we are all familiar. I still find the term appropriate.
Recently a number of well-known biologists as well as anthropologists have dealt with the nature, origin, and transmission of the elements that constitute culture in all its varied aspects. One can find both consensus and disagreement in these writings, a circumstance not wholly unexpected because the general subject matter is embraced by the hybrid and controversial term sociobiology. But this is all to the good, for as Nan Fairbrother (1956) once said in another connection:
Page x
every theory is useful if only to be disproved, for we can use it as a tool to turn over the unorganized mass of facts and arrange them in some kind of order. With a new subject we need lots of theories, one after the other, and as we pursue them and discard them we gradually get to know our material, like harrowing new ground first one way and then the other to break it up fine. It is only important to remember that our theories are only tools and not truths. In the end, when the ground is worked enough we must leave them behind in the tool-shed to go by ourselves with an open mind, and look again as if for the first time.
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