Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Hu ltrl wrng is a r of nntng dffrnt accessories fr the dtrbutn of ltrl nrg from the supplier to vru ln and umnt t hm like television, lm, r ndtnr, t.
Eltrt l n ntl rl n ur vrd lf: lght, hm ln, heating systems, air ndtnng, TV, tlhn, computers and mn thr modern devices r wrd by ltrt.
For a long time, the bt dv seemed to b hr a rfnl and gt t dn right. Depending n the task ntmltd nd the individuals lvl of xrt, this ntn m r m not be valid. You hv t th situation nd dd wht wll wrk fr u. Evn if you hr ut ll th wrk, ltrl knwldg nd expertise, nvd n this bk, wll b of vlu n completing ur building rjt and maintaining t in th futur.
CHAPTER ONE
Wht is Eltrl Wiring?
Eltrl Wrng a r f nntng cables nd wr t th rltd devices uh as fu, wth, kt, lght, fn t t th main distribution brd a specific structure t the utlt l fr ntnu wr ul.
Mthd f Electrical Wiring Systems w.r.t Tkng Connection
Wrng ( r f connecting various accessories fr dtrbutn f electrical energy frm suppliers mtr brd to hm appliances such lm, fn nd other dmt appliances knwn Eltrl Wrng) n b dn using two methods which r
Joint bx system or T tm
L n tm
Th r dud follows:
Jnt Box r Tee r Jointing System
In this mthd f wrng, connections t appliances r md thrugh joints. These jnt r md n jnt bx by mn f suitable connectors r jnt utut. Th mthd f wrng dnt num t much bl z.
Yu mght think because th method f wrng doesnt rur t muh bl t thrfr cheaper. It is f course but th mn you vd frm bung bl wll b ud n buying jnt bx, thu utn balanced. Th method utbl fr tmrr installations and t is cheap.
L-n r Lng System
Th method of wrng unvrll used n wrng. Lm nd thr ln r connected n rlll tht h f th appliances can b ntrlld ndvdull. When a nntn rurd at a lght r wth, th fd conductor ld in by bringing t drtl t th trmnl and thn rrng t frwrd gn t th nxt nt t b fed.
Th switch nd lght fd r rrd rund the circuit n a r f l frm n nt to nthr untl the last n th rut rhd. The phase or ln conductors are looped either in wthbrd r box and nutrl are ld thr n wthbrd or frm lght or fn. Ln r h huld nvr b looped frm light or fn.
Advntg f L-In Method f Wrng
It dnt rur jnt bx nd so mn is vd
In loop n tm, no jnt nld bnth flr r n rf spaces.
Fult ltn is made as the nt r md nl t outlets so that th are accessible.
Disadvantages f L-In Method f Wrng
Lngth of wr r bl rurd more nd voltage dr nd copper losses are therefore more
Lng in wth nd lamp hldr uull difficult.
Dffrnt T f Electrical Wiring Systems
The types f internal wiring uull ud are
Cleat wrng
Wdn ng and ng wrng
CTS r TRS r PVC sheath wiring
Ld hthd r mtl hthd wrng
Cndut wiring
Thr are ddtnl t f ndut wrng rdng t P ntlltn (Where steel and PVC pipes r ud for wrng nntn and ntlltn).
Surf r n Cndut type
Recessed r nld r undrgrund t Conduit
Clt Wrng
Th system of wrng comprise f rdnr VIR r PVC nultd wr (nll, hthd nd wthr proof cable) brdd nd compounded hld n walls r ceilings b mn of rln cleats, Plt r wd.
Cleat wrng system a tmrr wrng system therefore t nt utbl fr dmt rm. Th use of lt wrng tm is vr nowadays.
Advntg f Clt Wiring:
It ml and cheap wrng tm
Most utbl fr tmrr u i.e. undr ntrutn buldng or rm mng
As th bl and wr f cleat wrng tm is in open r, Thrfr fault in cables can b seen nd rr easily.
Cleat wrng tm ntlltn easy and ml.
Customization n b l done in th wrng tm .g. ltrtn nd addition.
Intn and ml.
Disadvantages f Cleat Wrng:
Appearance nt gd.
Clt wrng nt be u fr rmnnt u bu, Sg m b ur ftr sometime f th usage.
In th wrng tm, the bl nd wiring n n r, thrfr, l, Stm, humdt, mk, rn, chemical nd d fft may damage the bl nd wr.
it is not ltng wr tm bu f the weather effect , risk f fr nd wear & tear.
t n be only ud on 250/440 Vlt n lw temperature.
There is always a rk of fire nd electric shock.
t nt be ud n important nd ntv location and places.
It is not lasting, rlbl and utnbl wrng tm.
Cng and Cng wiring
Cng nd Cng wrng system w fmu wrng system n the t but, it ndrd obsolete th d bu f Conduit and hthd wrng tm. The cables ud in th kind f wiring wr thr VIR or PVC r n thr approved insulated bl.
Th cables wr carried thrugh th wdn casing nlur. Th casing md up of a strip f wd wth parallel grv ut length w t mmdt VIR bl. The grv were md to separate t polarity. th capping (l made f wd) ud to vr the wr nd bl ntlld nd fttd n the ng.
Advntg of Casing Cng Wrng:
It cheap wiring tm as compared t sheathed and conduit wiring tm.
It strong and lng-ltng wrng system.
Cutmztn can b l dn n th wrng system.
If Phase nd Nutrl wr ntlld n rt lt, then rrng easy.
Stay fr lng tm n th fld du to trng nultn f ng nd casing..
It stays safe frm l, Stm, mk and rain.
No risk f ltr hk due t vrd wires and cables in ng & ng.
Disadvantages Cng Capping Wiring:
Thr a hgh rk f fr in ng & ng wrng tm.
Nt suitable in th d, lkl and humdt ndtn
Ctl rrng and nd mr material.
Mtrl nt be fund easily n the ntmrr
Wht nt m dmg th casing & ng f wd.
Batten Wrng (CTS or TRS)
Sngl core r dubl r r thr core TRS bl wth a rulr vl shape bl r ud n th knd of wrng. Mtl, single core bl are rfrrd. TRS bl r chemical rf, wtr proof, steam rf, but r lghtl fftd b lubricating oil. Th TRS cables are run on wll nd nd trght tk wd batten wth t lt a thkn of 10mm.
Th bl r held n the wooden batten by means f tnnd brass lnk l (bukl l) already fxd n th batten with br n and d at n ntrvl f 10m fr horizontal runs nd 15cm fr vertical runs.
Advantages f Bttn Wrng
Wrng installation simple nd
cheap as mrd t other ltrl wrng systems
Paraphrase is gd nd beautiful
Repairing
trng nd lng-ltng
Cutmztn n b l dn n this wrng tm.
less hn f lkg urrnt n batten wrng tm
Ddvntg of Bttn Wrng
Cant b ntll in th humidity, Chml fft, n nd utdr r.
High rk of firs
Not safe from xtrnl wear & tr and weather effects (bu, th wr are nl visible t heat, dust, steam nd mk.
Hv wr cant b ud n bttn wrng tm.
Onl utbl blw then 250V.
Nd mr bl nd wr.
Ld Shthd Wrng
The type f wrng ml ndutr tht r insulated with VIR and vrd wth n outer hth f ld aluminum alloy ntnng about 95% f lead. The mtl hth given rttn t bl frm mhnl dmg, mtur nd tmhr rrn.
Th whl ld vrng is md ltrll continuous and nntd t rth t th nt f entry t protect gnt ltrlt tn due t lkng urrnt and t rvd safety n th hth becomes alive. Th bl r run on wooden bttn nd fxd b means f lnk l just as in TRS wrng.
Cndut Wrng
Thr are tw additional t f conduit wrng according t ntlltn
Surf Conduit Wrng
Concealed Conduit Wrng
Surf Cndut Wrng
If conduits ntlld n rf r wll, It is known urf conduit wiring. n th wrng mthd, they mk holes n th urf f wall on ul dtn nd conduit ntlld thn wth th hl f rawal lug.
Concealed Cndut wiring
If th ndut is hddn nd th wall slots wth th hl f ltrng, t is lld nld ndut wrng. In other words, the ltrl wiring tm nd wll, rf r flr with th help of lt or mtll ng lld nld conduit wiring. blvul, It the mt ulr, beautiful, stronger and mmn ltrl wiring tm nowadays.
In ndut wrng, steel tubes knwn as ndut r installed n th urf of wll by mn of hk (urf conduit wrng) or burd n walls under plaster and VIR r PVC cables r ftrwrd drwn b means f a GI wr f z if but 18SWG.
