Jeukendrup - Sports Nutrition - From Lab to Kitchen

Sports Nutrition From Lab to Kitchen

Supported by:

Asker Jeukendrup (Ed.)

Meyer & Meyer Sport

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Asker Jeukendrup (Ed.)

Sports Nutrition From Lab to Kitchen

Maidenhead: Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd., 2010

ISBN 978-1-84126-915-3

All rights reserved, especially the right to copy and distribute, including the translation rights. No part of this work may be reproduced including by photocopy, microfilm or any other means processed, stored electronically, copied or distributed in any form whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher.

2010 Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd.

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Editing: Martha Tuninga

Printed and bound by: B.O.S.S Druck und Medien GmbH, Germany

ISBN 978-1-84126-296-3

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Keith Baar

Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, USA

Hans Braun

Sport Nutrition Department, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany

Elizabeth Broad

Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia

Louise Burke

Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia

Greg Cox

Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia

Michael Gleeson

School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom

Shona L Halson

Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia

John Hawley

School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia

Asker Jeukendrup

School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ronald Maughan

School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom

Romain Meeusen

Human Physiology & Sports Medicine, Free University Brussels, Belgium

Samuel Mettler

ETH Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Switzerland

David C. Nieman

Director, Human Performance Labs, North Carolina Research Campus and Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA

Beate Pfeiffer

School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Stuart Phillips

Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Metabolism Research Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Brent C. Ruby

University of Montana, Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, Missoula MT, USA

Bengt Saltin

CMRC, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Trent Stellingwerff

Nestl Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland

Mark Tarnopolsky

Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Neurometabolic & Neuromuscular Diseases, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton Canada

Kevin Tipton

School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Phillip Watson BSc

School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom

The history of sports nutrition: from the early days to the future

Bengt Saltin and Asker Jeukendrup

The Greeks and the Romans

It could be argued that sports nutrition started in paradise when Eve gave the apple to Adam, to make him as strong as God. Nutrition has always intrigued humans. As far back as ancient Greece nutrition has been linked to performance and health. It was Hippocrates (460 BC - ca. 370 BC) who said If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not too much, we would have found the safest way to health. The diet of most Greeks and Romans was predominantly vegetarian and consisted of cereals, fruit, vegetables and legumes, and wine diluted with water. When meat was eaten, the most common source was goat for Greeks and pork for Romans.

It is believed that the first documented information about a special diet of a Greek athlete was Charmis of Sparta. He is said to have trained on dried figs. There are other reports of figs being used as sports nutrition. Running was a big part of army training and there were professional runners who were used to send messages sometimes over long distances. The most well known runner was perhaps Pheidipphides, who has been linked to the origin of the marathon. Pheidipphides is said to have run from Athens to Sparta (240km) to ask the Spartans for help when Persians were about to destroy Athens. When the Spartans replied that they were just celebrating an annual ceremony and their laws did not permit them go to Athens to help, Pheidippides had to run back to convey the bad news.