Brinkmann - Introduction to Sustainability

This edition first published 2016 2016 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Brinkmann, Robert, 1961- author.

Title: Introduction to Sustainability / Robert Brinkmann.

Description: Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell, 2016. | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2015038624 | ISBN 9781118487143 (hardback) | ISBN 9781118487259 (paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable development. | Economic development - Environmental aspects. | BISAC: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General.

Classification: LCC HC79.E5 .B743 2016 | DDC 338.9/27 - dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015038624

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

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Cover image: Topiary at the Montreal Botanical Garden Mario Gomez

Typeset in 8.5/12pt MeridienLTStd by SPi Global, Chennai, India

1. Chapter 02
2. Chapter 03
3. Chapter 05
4. Chapter 06
5. Chapter 07
6. Chapter 08
7. Chapter 09
8. Chapter 10
9. Chapter 11
10. Chapter 12
11. Chapter 13
12. Chapter 14

1. Chapter 01
2. Chapter 02
3. Chapter 03
4. Chapter 04
5. Chapter 05
6. Chapter 06
7. Chapter 07
8. Chapter 08
9. Chapter 09
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
14. Chapter 14
15. Chapter 15

This book is dedicated to all young people around the world who are striving to make the world a better place.

I am grateful to everyone at John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. for their guidance throughout the production of this book. They were professional, patient, and extremely helpful. I am also deeply appreciative of the reviewers that provided insightful initial comments on the text.

There are many who helped me in one way or another as I worked on this book. I cannot name everyone, but please know that all of my friends, family members, colleagues, and former students have my thanks. Yet there are some who deserve some special thanks for inspiration or assistance. They are: Mario Jose Gomez, Jim Brinkmann, Charlie Brinkmann, Fenda Akiwumi, Kamal Alsharif, J. Bret Bennington, Elizabeth Bird, David Brinkmann, James Brinkmann, John Brinkmann, Rose Brinkmann, Jennifer Collins, Michelle and Craig DeBruyn, Andrea Del Toro, Lauren D'Orsa, Joni Downs, Emma Farmer, Bernard Firestone, Lee Florea, Taiyo Francis, Jared Garfinkel, Sandra Garren, Jody and Erik Gartzke, Lynne Goldstein, Antonio Gomez, Carolina Gomez, Elis Grecia Pulido Gomez, Elis Vera de Gomez, Charleen Gonzalez, Karla Gonzalez, Mark Hafen, Grant Harley, Nancy Heller, Adriane Hoff, Sharon and Bob Hoff, Randy Honig, Heidi Hutner, Robin Jones, Rafael Jaramillo, Bhavani Jaroff, Sophia Kasselakis, Ina Katz, Beth Larson, Lawrence Levy, Burrell Montz, Joe Murphy, Keshanti Nandlall, Christopher Niedt, Gitfah Niles, Joanne Norris, Leslie North, Juan Penso, Lisa Marie Pierre, Jason Polk, Phil Reeder, Norma Camero Reno, Geary Schindel, Gail Schwab, Scott Simon, Patricia and Nelson Sohns, Elizabeth Strom, Graham Tobin, Maya Trotz, Naimish Upadhyay, Aimee Van Allen, Phil Van Beynen, George Veni, and Laurie Walker.

I would also like to thank all of the photographers who submitted photographs for this book. I couldn't have completed the work without the terrific support of Hofstra University, the University of South Florida, the National Center for Suburban Studies, and the Harris Manchester College at Oxford. Finally, I would like to thank all of my current and former students for the inspiration you give me to have hope for the future of our planet.

Robert (Bob) Brinkmann, Ph.D. is the Director of Sustainability Studies and the Director of Sustainability Research at the National Center for Suburban Studies at Hofstra University where he is also a Professor in the Department of Geology, Environment, and Sustainability. He was born in 1961 in rural Wisconsin and was greatly influenced by his experiences growing up in a quaint, small-town environment. As a child he spent many hours in nature hiking, fishing, and canoeing, especially in the wilderness of northern Wisconsin. In 1979, he entered the geology program at the University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh. There, he earned a Bachelor of Science with a focus on lithology, mineralogy, and field geology. During this period, he travelled throughout North America and participated in a geology field school in Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon. His first publication, on the formation of the Berlin Rhyolite, was published in 1982.

After graduation, Brinkmann attended the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee where he earned an MS in Geology in 1986 and a Ph.D. in Geography in 1989. During this period, he worked in diamond exploration, ice crystallography, and soil chemistry. It was while conducting fieldwork in diamond exploration that Brinkmann began to be influenced by sustainability issues. He started to take courses with the late Forest Stearns, one of the first ecologists to call for research on urban ecosystems, and the late Robert Eidt, a soil scientist noted for his definition and interpretation of anthrosols, or humanly modified soils. Brinkmann began to study a number of topics including heavy metal geochemistry of garden soils in cities, ancient agricultural soils in the Arabian Peninsula, and soil and sediment erosion in mountainous regions. He also took courses with cave and karst expert, Michael J. Day, and noted archaeologist, Lynne Goldstein.