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About Island Press
Since 1984, the nonprofit organization Island Press has been stimulating, shaping, and communicating ideas that are essential for solving environmental problems worldwide. With more than 1,000 titles in print and some 30 new releases each year, we are the nations leading publisher on environmental issues. We identify innovative thinkers and emerging trends in the environmental field. We work with world-renowned experts and authors to develop cross-disciplinary solutions to environmental challenges.
Island Press designs and executes educational campaigns in conjunction with our authors to communicate their critical messages in print, in person, and online using the latest technologies, innovative programs, and the media. Our goal is to reach targeted audiencesscientists, policymakers, environmental advocates, urban planners, the media, and concerned citizenswith information that can be used to create the framework for long-term ecological health and human well-being.
Island Press gratefully acknowledges major support of our work by The Agua Fund, The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The Bobolink Foundation. The Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation. Forrest C. and Frances H. Lattner Foundation, The JPB Foundation. The Kresge Foundation. The Oram Foundation. Inc., The Overbrook Foundation, The S.D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, The Summit Charitable Foundation, Inc., and many other generous supporters.
The opinions expressed in this book are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of our supporters.
Other Worldwatch Books
State of the World 1984 through 2015
(an annual report on progress toward a sustainable society)
Vital Signs 1992 through 2003 and 2005 through 2015
(a report on the trends that are shaping our future)
Saving the Planet
Lester R. Brown
Christopher Flavin
Sandra Postel
How Much Is Enough?
Alan Thein Durning
Last Oasis
Sandra Postel
Full House
Lester R. Brown
Hal Kane
Power Surge
Christopher Flavin
Nicholas Lenssen
Who Will Feed China?
Lester R. Brown
Tough Choices
Lester R. Brown
Fighting for Survival
Michael Renner
The Natural Wealth of Nations
David Malin Roodman
Life Out of Bounds
Chris Bright
Beyond Malthus
Lester R. Brown
Gary Gardner
Brian Halweil
Pillar of Sand
Sandra Postel
Vanishing Borders
Hilary French
Eat Here
Brian Halweil
Inspiring Progress
Gary Gardner
Copyright 2016 by Worldwatch Institute
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www.worldwatch.org
The STATE OF THE WORLD and WORLDWATCH INSTITUTE trademarks are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Worldwatch Institute; of its directors, officers, or staff; or of its funders.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036.
ISLAND PRESS is a trademark of Island Press/The Center for Resource Economics.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933396
ISBN 13: 978-1-61091-755-1
ISBN 10: 1-61091-755-3
The text of this book is composed in Minion Pro, with the display set in Myriad Pro. Book design and composition by Lyle Rosbotham.
Printed on recycled, acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
For additional related and updated content, videos, infographics, data, blog posts, and links, visit www.canacitybesustainable.org.
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ystein Dahle
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Haibing Ma
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Senior Editor
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Director, Climate and Energy Program
Tom Prugh
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Mary C. Redfern
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Senior Researcher
Wanqing Zhou
Research Associate, Food and Agriculture Program
Worldwatch Institute Fellows, Advisers, and Consultants
Erik Assadourian
Senior Fellow
Jorge Barrigh
Senior Fellow
Maria Gabriela da Rocha Oliveira
Senior Fellow
Julian Despradel
Senior Fellow
Robert Engelman
President Emeritus/Senior Fellow
Mark Konold
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Corey Perkins
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Lyle Rosbotham
Art and Design Consultant
Preeti Shroff-Mehta
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Contents
Garrett Fitzgerald
Eduardo da Costa Paes
Gary Gardner
Gary Gardner
Gary Gardner
Gary Gardner
Gary Gardner
Richard Heinberg
Tom Prugh and Michael Renner
Peter Calthorpe
Haibing Ma
Michael Renner
Simone Ariane Pflaum
Gregory H. Kats
Robert Doyle
Betsy Agar and Michael Renner
Gregor Robertson
Michael Renner
Cornie Huizenga, Karl Peet, and Sudhir Gota
Geoffrey Davison and Ang Wei Ping
Michael Renner
Kartikeya Sarabhai, Madhavi Joshi, and Sanskriti Menon
Perinaz Bhada-Tata and Daniel Hoornweg
Mart Boada Junc, Roser Maneja Zaragoza, and Pablo Knobel Guelar
Tom Prugh
Andrew Cumbers
Brian Holland and Juan Wei
Mart Boada Junc, Roser Maneja Zaragoza, and Pablo Knobel Guelar
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