Hauer F. Richard - Methods in Stream Ecology

Methods in Stream Ecology

Second Edition

F. Richard Hauer

Gary A. Lamberti

Academic Press

Copyright

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Andrew Richford

Project Manager: Heather Furrow

Associate Editor: Kelly Sonnack

Marketing Manager: Trevor Daul

Cover Design: Eric DeCicco

Composition: Integra Software Services

Cover Printer: Hing Yip Printing Company

Interior Printer: Hing Yip Printing Company

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA

525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA

84 Theobalds Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright 2007, 1996, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

), by selecting Support & Contact then Copyright and Permission and then Obtaining Permissions.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Application Submitted

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 13: 978-0-12-332908-0

ISBN 10: 0-12-332908-6

For information on all Academic Press publications

visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com

Printed in China

07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contributors

Numbers in the parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors contributions begin

DONALD J. BAIRD

(835) National Water Research Institute and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 6E1

DAVID J. BATES

(79) FSCI Biological Consultants, Halfmoon Bay, BC, Canada V0N 1Y1

COLDEN V. BAXTER

(119, 761) Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209

E.F. BENFIELD

(711) Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406

ARTHUR C. BENKE

(691) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206

MELODY J. BERNOT

(213) Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071

PETER A. BISSON

(23) Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA 98512-9193

THOMAS L. BOTT

(663) Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA 19311

WILLIAM B. BOWDEN

(381) Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405

JOHN M. BUFFINGTON

(23) Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Boise, ID 83702

JAMES L. CARTER

(805) United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025

CHELSEA L. CRENSHAW

(761) Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131

JOSEPH M. CULP

(835) National Water Research Institute and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, E3B 6E1

KENNETH W. CUMMINS

(585) California Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521

CLIFFORD N. DAHM

(119) Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131

JACK W. FEMINELLA

(537) Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5407

STUART. FINDLAY

(239) Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545

KENNETH. FORTINO

(637) Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402

FRANCES P. GELWICK

(611) Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258

JANICE M. GLIME

(381) Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931

JAMES A. GORE

(51) Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Geography, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL 33701

STANLEY V. GREGORY

(273) Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

NANCY B. GRIMM

(761) School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501

JACK W. GRUBAUGH

(249) Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152

VLADISLAV. GULIS

(311) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206

MORGAN J. HANNAFORD

(805) Department of Biology, Shasta College, Redding, CA 96049

F. RICHARD. HAUER

(103, 145, 435) Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860-9659

ANNE E. HERSHEY

(637) Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402

WALTER R. HILL

(103) Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820

ALEXANDER D. HURYN

(691) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206

JOHN J. HUTCHENS, Jr.

(249) Biology Department, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528-6054

GINA D. LALIBERTE

(327) Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI 53716

GARY A. LAMBERTI

(273, 357, 537) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369

PETER R. LEAVITT

(357) Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2

HIRAM W. LI

(489) Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

JUDITH L. LI

(489) Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

MARK S. LORANG

(145) Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860-9659

REX L. LOWE

(327) Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403

WILLIAM J. MATTHEWS

(611) Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019

RICHARD W. MERRITT

(585) Departments of Entomology and Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824

G. WAYNE. MINSHALL

(721) Stream Ecology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007

DAVID R. MONTGOMERY

(23) Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195

PATRICK J. MULHOLLAND

(187) Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6036

MARILYN J. MYERS

(805) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM 87111

ROBERT W. NEWBURY

(79) Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3

MARGARET A. PALMER

(415) Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Solomons, MD 20688

BARBARA L. PECKARSKY

(561) Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

BRUCE J. PETERSON

(637) The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543

CATHERINE M. PRINGLE

(537, 743) Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602

VINCENT H. RESH

(435, 805) Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720