LANGE USMLE ROAD MAP GROSS ANATOMY
JAMES S. WHITE, PHD
Adjunct Assistant Professor
of Neuroscience and Cell Biology
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Piscataway, NJ
Adjunct Associate Professor
of Cell Biology
School of Osteopathic Medicine
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Stratford, NJ
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA
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CONTENTS
USING THE USMLE ROAD MAP SERIES FOR SUCCESSFUL REVIEW
What Is the Road Map Series?
Short of having your own personal tutor, the USMLE Road Map Series is the best source for efficient review of major concepts and information in the medical sciences.
Why Do You Need A Road Map?
It allows you to navigate quickly and easily through your anatomy course notes and textbook and prepares you for USMLE and course examinations.
How Does the Road Map Series Work?
Outline Form: Connects the facts in a conceptual framework so that you understand the ideas and retain the information.
Color and Boldface: Highlights words and phrases that trigger quick retrieval of concepts and facts.
Clear Explanations: Are fine-tuned by years of student interaction. The material is written by authors selected for their excellence in teaching and their experience in preparing students for board examinations.
Illustrations: Provide the vivid impressions that facilitate comprehension and recall.
Clinical Correlations: Link all topics to their clinical applications, promoting fuller understanding and memory retention.
Clinical Problems: Give you valuable practice for the clinical vignette-based USMLE questions.
Explanations of Answers: Are learning tools that allow you to pinpoint your strengths and weaknesses.
To my wife, Kim, and my daughters, Kate and Kristen,
and to the memory of Sasha Malamed
and Irwin Baird; both extraordinary teachers, mentors, and colleagues.
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to Harriet Lebowitz, Janet Foltin, Regina Y. Brown, and Mary McCoy for their efforts
in preparing the manuscript. Thanks also go to my colleagues David Seiden, PhD, and George
Mulheron, PhD, for their critical input.
CHAPTER 1
FUNDAMENTALS