Craig A. Canby - Problem-Based Anatomy, 1e

PROBLEM-BASED Anatomy

Craig A. Canby, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Anatomy, Coordinator of University Accreditation, Des Moines UniversityOsteopathic Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa

SAUNDERS

Front Matter

PROBLEM BASED Anatomy

Craig A. Canby, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Anatomy

Coordinator of University Accreditation

Des Moines UniversityOsteopathic Medical Center

Des Moines, Iowa

Copyright

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Problem-Based Anatomy

Copyright 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ISBN 13: 978-1-4160-2417-0

ISBN 10: 1-4160-2417-4

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NOTICE

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on his or her own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editor assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out or related to any use of the material contained in this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Canby, Craig A.

Problem-based anatomy / Craig A. Canby

p. ; cm.

ISBN 1-4160-2417-4

1. Human anatomyProblem, exercises, etc. 2. Human anatomyCase studies. 3. Physiology, PathologicalProblems, exercises, etc. 4. Physiology, PathologicalCase studies. I. Title.

[DNLM: 1. AnatomyCase Reports. 2. AnatomyProblems and Exercises. QS 18.2 C214p 2006]

QM32.C36 2006

611.0076dc22

2005042680

Acquisitions Editor: William Schmitt

Development Editor: Kevin Kochanski

Senior Project Manager: Mary Stermel

Marketing Manager: John Gore

Printed in China.

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedication

To my family for their blessings of love, support, and patience, and to my students who have blessed my professional life.

PREFACE

Over the years, the curricula of health professions programs have evolved into a state of integration. From the first day of school, health professional students are immersed in a curriculum that exposes them to the basic sciences and the clinical sciences. This curricular shift has also impacted instruction in the discipline of anatomy. While anatomists remain passionate about the noble act of transferring the purity of anatomical knowledge onto future generations of students, they are also mindful that students in the health professions require a different fund of anatomical knowledge. These students must be able to apply their anatomical knowledge base to clinical situations. In response, anatomy educators are clearly emphasizing the clinical relevance of anatomy in their education of future generations of health professional students.

This text was written to further the clinical significance of anatomy. The text features 61 clinical cases divided into the traditional seven regions of the body: 1) back, 2) thorax, 3) abdomen, 4) pelvis and perineum, 5) lower limb, and 6) upper limb, and 7) head and neck. Each clinical case frames a set of study questions and accompanying answers. Another value-added attribute of this format is its integrated approach to the broad field of anatomy. Under the umbrella of anatomy are the subdisciplines of anatomic pathology, cell biology, embryology, gross anatomy, histology, neuroanatomy, and radiologic anatomy. The questions accompanying each clinical case are crafted, wherever possible, to include these anatomical subdisciplines. Additionally, 185 multiple choice questions are provided in Section VIII so that the student can assess his/her mastery of the material. Answers to the questions and references back to the text are also provided.

This text can be used by students as a clinically-oriented complement to standard anatomy-related texts in their courses. It should also be of educational utility for students preparing for national licensing examinations and to residents who are in the early years of their graduate medical training.

As with any intellectual pursuit, it is always proper to gratefully acknowledge the contributions that others have made to the outcome. To that end, I offer my profound gratitude to the authors of other textbooks who graciously granted permission to include their figures in this book. The textbooks are Grays Anatomy for Students by Drake et al, The Developing Human, 7th edition by Moore and Persaud, Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 17th edition by Townsend et al, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition by Kumar et al, and Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd edition by Gartner and Hiatt. The student who desires a greater depth of knowledge in the topics covered in this book is encouraged to use these outstanding resources for additional information.

Anatomy is a wonderful, noble discipline filled with the awe and wonders of human form. It is a privilege and a blessing to be touched by the sanctity of its incredible beauty. I hope you are rewarded with the teachings of anatomy in your professional education and practice as I have been in my professional career. As learning colleagues of anatomy, please contact me directly with constructive criticisms about this text for incorporation into future editions.

CRAIG A. CANBY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am profoundly grateful to the many publication professionals who have played pivotal roles in shepherding this book through its preparation and production. Through their genuine diligence, creativity, and a keen eye to detail they have transformed a concept for a book and later a black and white manuscript into a vibrant and superbly edited publication. My special thanks go to William Schmitt for the opportunity to author this book and to Kevin Kochanski for his developmental acumen.

SECTION I

BACK

CASE 1

).

FIGURE 1-1 MRI of a herniated disc between L4 and L5 vertebrae. A, Sagittal plane. B, Axial plane.

(Drake R, Vogl W and Mitchell A: Grays Anatomy for Students. Churchill Livingstone, 2004. Fig. 2-33.)

WHERE ARE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS FOUND?

). A disc is not found between the atlas and the axis. The discs are thinnest between the cervical vertebrae and progressively thicken as they descend the vertebral column. In the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column (cervical and lumbar regions), the intervertebral discs are thicker anteriorly. This produces the anterior convexity of the cervical and lumbar segments of the vertebral column.