Hua Yan - Anatomy and Examination in Ocular Trauma

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Anatomy and Examination in Ocular Trauma
Author:
Hua Yan
Publisher:
Springer
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Books / Detective and thriller
Year:
2018
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This book aimed to provide the most thorough knowledge of ocular anatomy related to trauma and standard ocular examinations to clinical practitioners, such as the nurses, medical students, residents, fellows and even ophthalmologists, to help them making the most appropriate decision on the management of patients who have suffered from such ocular conditions. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the eyeball and the traumatic characteristics of each structure of the eyeball are a prerequisite for proper interpretation of long-term outcomes of mechanical eye injuries. The first part provides the audiences general information of ocular anatomy, which will help them understand the basic anatomic knowledge and generate a clinical thinking. The following part provides the detailed examinations. They will help readers to make the right diagnose and offer the best advice or treatment to the patients. For each chapter, detailed clinical workup, clinical presentations and signs, and pictures or illustrative figures will be provided. Part 3 will benefit more medical coworkers to be familiar with the registration system of ocular trauma and its social and medical meaning. This will also help the advances of epidemiology and proper treatment approaches for ocular trauma. Hopefully this book may help the clinical practitioners to be fully prepared for any challenge of ocular traumatic cases.

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Ocular Trauma

Series Editor

Hua Yan

Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

Ocular trauma can be a serious threat to vision, especially if not medically intervened appropriately and in a timely fashion. Immediate and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment is the key to save the eyes and visual function, as well as a great challenge to ophthalmologists, especially emergency doctors. This book series is designed to help the doctors and clinical practitioners have a thorough understanding of ophthalmic emergencies and a mastery of every details of ocular trauma. To do the best, it is required that the ER doctors have solid theoretical knowledge about the anatomy of the eye and basic skills in ophthalmic operations. For that reason, Anatomy and examination of ocular trauma is believed to be necessary and fundamental for this book series. Beyond this, familiarity with the emergency room and efficient protocol will be helpful for the doctors to give treatment in the first time, and it will also be an important part of this book series. Almost all the aspects and details of ocular trauma will be covered in this book series, including mechanical and non-mechanical ocular trauma. Special topics of complicated situations, such as ciliary body impairment, will also be introduced in this book series. Hopefully the readers will enjoy it and find it helpful for them to provide better care to the patients and save vision.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15621

Editor

Hua Yan

Anatomy and Examination in Ocular Trauma

Editor

Hua Yan

Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

ISSN 2523-3157 e-ISSN 2523-3165

Ocular Trauma

ISBN 978-981-13-0067-7 e-ISBN 978-981-13-0068-4

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0068-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018956413

Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Acknowledgments

Dr. Yan extends his sincere thanks to the doctors in the field of ocular trauma around the world. Special thanks go to Dr. Yuanpei Zheng, Dr. Mengyu Liao, and Dr. Xinlei Zhu for providing precious visual field photos; Dr. Hanqiao Zhang and Dr. Shancheng Si for providing photos for the Physical Examination; and Dr. Pablo Grigera for providing the UBM pictures.

Contents

Part IAnatomy

Kang Feng , Caiyun You and Ling Yuan

Hua Yan , Caiyun You and Ling Yuan

Part IIExaminations

Yun Feng and Baoqun Yao

Yuntao Hu and Qihua Wang

Andrs M. Rousselot , Jing Zhang and Huaigui Liu

Part IIIEpidemiology and the Registration System of Ocular Trauma

Kang Feng

Part I Anatomy

Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

Hua Yan (ed.) Anatomy and Examination in Ocular Trauma Ocular Trauma https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0068-4_1

1. General Anatomy

Kang Feng

(1)

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China

(2)

Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

(3)

Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China

Kang Feng (Corresponding author)

Email:

Caiyun You (Corresponding author)

Ling Yuan (Corresponding author)

Email:

Abstract

A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the eyeball and the traumatic characteristics of each structure of the eyeball are a prerequisite for proper interpretation of long-term outcomes of mechanical eye injuries. Furthermore, such anatomic knowledge is essential to the proper planning and safe execution of globe exploration and vitreoretinal surgery. Whereas most knowledge of these matters is based on anatomic dissections, either postmortem or during surgery, noninvasive techniques particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are increasingly providing additional information.

Keywords

Cornea Sclera Retina Choroid Macula

1.1 Anatomy of the Eyeball

Kang Feng

(4)

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China

1.1.1 The Eyeball

The normal adult globe is approximately spherical, with an anteroposterior diameter of the adult eye being approximately 2325 mm (Fig. ).

Fig. 1.1

(a) Layers of the globe (Adapted from [])

Fig. 1.2

Profile of eyeball and several major cross sections. (Simulated diagram)

The eyeball includes eyeball wall and eye contents. The outer wall of the eyeball is composed of three concentric layers. The outermost layer consists of the clear cornea anteriorly and the opaque white sclera posteriorly. The outermost corneoscleral layer is composed of tough and protective tissues. The middle is uvea and inner is retina. Other important surface features of the globe, such as the vortex veins, the posterior ciliary artery and nerves, extraocular muscle insertions, and the optic nerve and its surrounding meningeal sheaths, are discussed in other chapters.

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