Table of Contents
Front matter
Last's Anatomy
Commissioning Editor: Timothy Horne, Jeremy Bowes
Development Editor: Sally Davies
Project Manager: Elouise Ball
Design Direction: Charles Gray
Illustration Direction: Bruce Hogarth
Artwork colouring: Ian Ramsden
New artwork: Gillian Oliver
Last's Anatomy
Regional and Applied
Twelfth Edition
Chummy S. Sinnatamby FRCS
Formerly:
Head of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons of England
Member of Court of Examiners, Royal College of Surgeons of England
Examiner in Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Director of Studies in Anatomy, St Catharine's College and Hughes Hall, Cambridge
External Examiner in Anatomy, University of Cambridge
External Examiner in Anatomy, Trinity College, University of Dublin
Copyright
2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The right of Chummy S. Sinnatamby to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
First edition 1954
Second edition 1959
Third edition 1963
Fourth edition 1966
Fifth edition 1972
Sixth edition 1978
Seventh edition 1984
Eighth edition 1990
Ninth edition 1994
Tenth edition 1999
Eleventh edition 2006
Twelfth edition 2011
ISBN 978 0 7020 3395 7
International ISBN 978 0 7020 3394 0
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Printed in China
Preface to the twelfth edition
For the first time in its publication history all the illustrations in the previous (eleventh) edition of Last's Anatomy appeared in full colour. This development transformed the illustrations and received very favourable readership response. In the light of such evaluation the publication of a twelfth edition has provided the opportunity to augment the illustrations in the book by the inclusion of new photographs depicting anatomy of clinical, endoscopic and surgical relevance and additional photographs of prosections. Where necessary the colour, tone, shade and contrast of existing illustrations have been enhanced. Colour consistency for related structures has been maintained throughout to ensure ease of cross-reference from one illustration to another.
The text has been wholly reviewed and refinements made where required in the interests of relevance and readability. The anatomy of surgical approaches has been updated in the light of the continuing evolution of surgical practice, advances in laparoscopic surgery and the increasing scope of minimal access procedures. The limited field of vision provided by these latter techniques emphasises the need for a reliable knowledge of regional anatomy and structural relationships. Eponyms in common clinical use have been added.
Curricular reforms and changes to surgical training programmes have resulted in a reduction of anatomy study time and prosection experience for medical students, and in difficulties encountered by surgical trainees in including anatomy demonstratorships in their career pathways. These developments have reiterated the continuing need for a regionally arranged, clinically and surgically relevant anatomy textbook appropriate for both undergraduate study and postgraduate utilisation. The twelfth edition of Last's Anatomy aims to fulfil this role and be of value to medical students, surgical trainees and practising surgeons.
Chummy S. Sinnatamby
2010
Preface to the eleventh edition
In response to innumerable requests, all the illustrations in the eleventh edition appear in full colour. Care has been taken in the choice of and consistency in use of colours for similar structures to facilitate ease of recognition and enhance the reader's appreciation of the illustrations as a meaningful adjunct to the text. Some of the illustrations in the first edition of R. J. Last's Anatomy, Regional and Applied were partly coloured as they appeared in relation to the text. In the seventh edition several partly coloured illustrations were collectively positioned as plates at the front of the book, but these were then omitted from subsequent editions. It has been gratifying to be able to restore colour to Last's Anatomy and extend its application to full colour for all the illustrations as they remain integrated with the text. Several new illustrations, including clinical photographs, radiographs and magnetic resonance images, have been added, depicting normal anatomy and lesions that have an anatomical basis.
The text has been extensively revised with several additions to the clinical and applied aspects of anatomy and textual changes in the interests of clarity and accuracy.
I am grateful to the many readers, postgraduate and undergraduate, in the UK and abroad, who have communicated their appreciation of and comments on the tenth edition. Their input has encouraged and aided the preparation of the eleventh edition.
