Navadia C. - Fundamentals of Cardiology: For the USMLE and General Medics

FUNDAMENTALS

OF

CARDIOLOGY

A CONCISE REVIEW BOOK FOR

THE USMLE STEP 1-2-3 AND GENERAL MED PRACTITIONERS

AUTHOR

CHIRAG NAVADIA, MD

WWW.MEDRX22.COM

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 - EMBRYOLOGY OF HEART

Vascular Development

Fetal Circulation

Septation of Heart Tube

CHAPTER 2 - ANATOMY

Mediastinum

Internal Structures

External Structures

Cardiac Territories

Cardiac Projection

Cardiac Muscle fibre

Conduction Pathway

Coronary Arteries

CHAPTER 3 - PHYSIOLOGY

Concepts of Preload, Ejection Fraction & Cardiac Output

Concepts of Velocity, Area, Resistance and Flow

Auto-Regulation of Blood Flow

Resistance In Series And Parallel Circuits

Blood Pressure

Compliance and Elasticity of Vessels

Relationship Between Contractility & Preload

Action Potential

Normal ECG

Autoregulation of Blood Pressure

Baroreceptor reflex

Renin-Angiotension-Aldosterone System

Phases of Cardiac Cycle

Valvular Problems and Pressure-Volume Loops

Ventricular Pressure Testing

Heart sounds

Murmurs

Effect of Posture, Amyl Nitrate & Arterioconstriction on Murmurs

Jugular venous pressure

CHAPTER 4 ARTERIAL PATHOLOGY

Hypertension

Hypertension in Pregnancy

Hypertensive Crisis

Arteriosclerosis

Monckeberg arteriosclerosis

Arteriolosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

Aneurysms

Aortic Dissection

Coarctation of Aorta

Vasculitis

Raynaud Phenomenon

Tumors

CHAPTER 5 VENOUS PATHOLOGY

Venous System of Leg

Varicose Veins

Deep Venous Thrombosis

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

Leg Ulcers

CHAPTER 6 - CARDIAC PATHOLOGY

Ischemic Heart Disease

Cardiac Arrest vs Respiratory Arrest

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Broken Heart Syndrome

Heart Failure

Left Heart Failure

Right Heart Failure

High Output Heart Failure

Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Circulatory Shock

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

Constrictive Pericarditis

Cardiac Tamponade

Valvular Pathology

Infective Endocarditis

Aortic stenosis

Aortic regurgitation

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Mitral Stenosis

Mitral Regurgitation

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Tricuspid Stenosis

Pulmonary Stenosis and Regurgitation

CHAPTER 7 - CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Acyanotic condition

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defects

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Cyanotic conditions

Tetralogy of Fallot

Transposition of the great vessels

Tricuspid atresia

Valvular Defects

Coronary Artery Abnormalities

Other Congenital Cardiac Pathology

CHAPTER 8 - ARRHYTHMIAS

Narrow QRS Complex

Wide QRS Complex

Torsade-de-Pointes

Sinus Tachycardia

Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome

Focal Junctional Tachycardia

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

Premature Atrial Contractions

Heart Blocks

First Degree AV Block

Second Degree AV Block (Mobitz Type 1)

Second Degree AV Block (Mobitz Type 2)

rd Degree AV Block

SA BLOCK

Right & Left Bundle Branch Blocks

Brugada syndrome

CHAPTER 9 CARDIAC TUMORS

Benign tumors

Malignant Tumors

CHAPTER 10 - CARDIAC PHARMACOLOGY

Antiarrhythmic drugs

Antihypertensive drugs

Antihyperlipidemic drugs

Anticoagulants

Non Pharmacological Treatments

INTRODUCTION

Hello dear friends,

This is your boy Chirag Navadia and I am extremely delighted to present this comprehensive clinical review book of Cardiology for the USMLE and all general med practitioners.

This book mainly focuses on fundamental clinical concepts of USMLE step 1-2-3 and ABIM exam, that serve as a nidus for your future clinical practice.

Book begins with basic Step 1 concept of anatomy and physiology that will be helpful to any new learner. Students appearing for Step 1 or NCLEX or other basic exams can skip the investigation and management topics from pathology section.

After reviewing preclinical stuffs, there is a brief description of cardiovascular medicine that systematically describes cause, mechanism, clinical association, investigation of choice and primary managements that will play a vital role for your Step 2-3, IM/FM board exam prep or day-to-day practice.

Most of the investigation and managements are referred and shortened in 1-2 lines from reputed cardiology resources like AHA, AMA, Medscape, JACC, NCBI, Pubmed and so on. As this book is not for cardiologist, all contents are selected accordingly to make this book an easy learning guide for med students, interns, nurse practitioners and physician assistants.

Meanwhile, you can also read related contents via our THUNDERNOTES that are present at the end of particular topic. At the end, I had provided short summary of Step 1 cardiac pharmacology that describes each drug with its mechanism and common side effects.

I want you to end this book with smiling fac e . In case, if you dont like this book or the content you wanted to review is not covered in this book, I am ready to refund your full purchase price as a part of 14-day full money back guarantee. If you can give me your two minutes, please leave 4-5 stars rating on amazon.

Best wishes for your brilliant future

Sincerely,

CHIRAG NAVADIA, MD

IMPORTANT NOTICE

All printed and/or digital content is for educational and/or learning use only. MEDRX is not responsible for the use of any knowledge, information or facts gained from the printed and/or digital content in the practice of medicine, medical research or any related medical or science applications.

In addition, while materials available in this book may be useful for medical coursework examinations and qualifying examinations such as the NCLEX, USMLE and ABIM, you understand that MEDRX is not affiliated with any other third party and does not (directly or by implication) make any guarantees that the materials provided by us will be tested on these examinations.

I worked hard for more than 2800 hours on this book to provide most recent information/managements. 95% of the investigations and management mentioned in this book are from year 2010-2014, however you realize that errors can occur and thus managements mentioned in this book should not be directly use in clinical practice without any guidance. We are not responsible for any harm done to anybody by the managements mentioned in this book.

Finally, we want to hear what you would like to improve in our book? This will help us to create even better subsequent editions. If you can give your 2 minutes, please leave us 4-5 star feedback on amazon. If you even think about 1-3 stars, please contact us through our website & we will consider to refund you your full purchase price (book must be purchased from our website or amazon.com official store (not valid on purchases from amazon private sellers or other places).

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