Paret - Design Constraints for NFC Devices

1. 1 Recap of the Principles Employed in NFC
2. 2 Normative Constraints of NFC
3. 3 Regulatory Constraints and Recommendations
4. 4 Applicational Typologies of the NFC and their Consequences
5. 5 Constraints Due to Fields of Application
6. 7 Functional Applicational Constraints
7. 8 Conformity Constraints
8. 9 Interoperability Constraints

1. 1 Recap of the Principles Employed in NFC
2. 2 Normative Constraints of NFC
3. 3 Regulatory Constraints and Recommendations
4. 4 Applicational Typologies of the NFC and their Consequences
5. 5 Constraints Due to Fields of Application
6. 6 Structural Constraints in NFC
7. 7 Functional Applicational Constraints
8. 8 Conformity Constraints
9. 9 Interoperability Constraints
10. Conclusion The Near and Far Future of NFC and its Antennas

Dominique Paret

First published 2016 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

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ISTE Ltd 2016

The rights of Dominique Paret to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933848

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-84821-884-0

During my long career in three disciplines firstly as a professional and industrialist at Philips/NXP Semi-Conductors, secondly and simultaneously as a teacher at numerous engineering schools and universities, and finally, for the past ten years, as founder of dp-Consulting (a firm of consultants and independent technical experts) I have had the opportunity to meet many experts in this field. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to thank everyone individually to whom thanks are due that could fill an entire book and more! In addition, as NFC (Near-Field Communication) has such a vast range of applications, it would be fallacious to try to write such a book as this on the subject alone, so my heartfelt thanks go to numerous colleagues and friends:

1. from NXP Semiconductors in Graz (Austria), Hamburg (Germany), Monza (Italy), and Caen (France), with whom I have worked for many years;
2. customers, partners, and competitors whom I frequently meet at working meetings of the ISO and mirror commissions at AFNOR (Frances standardization body).

In addition, in the coming chapters, I shall occasionally address some specific acknowledgements to various friends for their help.

I also devote this book to the many, many readers who have followed me over the years, through series of publications and technical reports. I owe to you many of these words of gratitude, because it is thanks to you and for you that I have been able to take my courage in both hands to squeeze as much detail out of the subject as possible, with a view to presenting some of its mysteries in as didactic a fashion as possible! In any case, thanks again to one and all for your help and your assiduousness in reading my work. If these few words of thanks have encouraged you to persevere in learning the technique and given you a vocation as a trainer and pedagogue, I would be delighted.

Once again, my true thanks to all of you for your contributions and your faithful friendship.

Working in the field of NFC (Near-Field Communication) since its very beginnings (a little over 15 years now!), I have written a great deal about this subject in the past. Many advances have been made on the basis of the operational principles, and wonderful and highly varied applications (software) in NFC (particularly with mobile phones). However (there is always a but), there has been relatively little detailed literature produced on the specific functions and the mysteries of application-specific integrated circuits and antennas (hardware) involved in NFC, and less still about the physical layers the air interface. It is my hope that this book will go a long way towards filling that void.

Therefore, I would rather clarify the situation immediately. It is not out of pure ideology that I wish to rectify this shortcoming, but instead because it is a day-to-day reality. Designers and users often graciously overlook certain constraints, thinking It will work fine without it! However, communicating through the air interface, networked antennae, the various form factors of different applications and physical environments, their problems are unfortunately truths that must be taken into account, and without which nothing constructive can be achieved.

Having been a technical consultant for many years to numerous companies in navigating these mysterious waters, and in view of the thriving

NFC market, I have designed this book to serve engineers, technicians, students, and the growing number of new arrivals to this domain, to help them avoid certain pitfalls. At present, there is little information or basic technical and application training available on these subjects. Hence, today, I offer this book to give you an initiation in the field and a specific knowledge of the constraints of design devoted to NFC devices, and I have taken it upon myself to gather, compile, and collate a technical database made up of various generic industrial examples, concrete and highly-detailed examples of designs for NFC devices and possibly more, with widespread involvement from my company dp-Consulting.

The aim of this book is not to be a coverall in marketing, or a joyous ramble through the subject, but a technical reference offering an in-depth examination of all the technical details and all the functional and application issues pertaining to these technologies. As readers will discover over the course of the book, the field of applications and usages is enormously varied ranging from the exchange of dematerialized data to secure payment, controlled by a pocket device (such as a mobile phone or a camera), which can also be used as a chip card or a reader, a television, in a car, etc. Thus, we have a multitude of form factors, environments, etc., leading to a multitude of technical problems where antennas are concerned!

Additionally, so as not to hamper readers understanding of the devices presented herein, I have done my utmost to make the book as clear and instructive as possible, so they can instantly see the point being made and the link between theory, technological aspects, financial factors, etc.