Patel - Green Biocatalysis

1. Chapter 01
2. Chapter 02
3. Chapter 03
4. Chapter 06
5. Chapter 07
6. Chapter 08
7. Chapter 09
8. Chapter 10
9. Chapter 11
10. Chapter 12
11. Chapter 13
12. Chapter 15
13. Chapter 16
14. Chapter 17
15. Chapter 18
16. Chapter 19
17. Chapter 20
18. Chapter 22
19. Chapter 23
20. Chapter 25
21. Chapter 27
22. Chapter 28
23. Chapter 29

1. Chapter 01
2. Chapter 02
3. Chapter 03
4. Chapter 04
5. Chapter 05
6. Chapter 06
7. Chapter 07
8. Chapter 08
9. Chapter 09
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
14. Chapter 14
15. Chapter 15
16. Chapter 16
17. Chapter 17
18. Chapter 18
19. Chapter 19
20. Chapter 20
21. Chapter 21
22. Chapter 22
23. Chapter 23
24. Chapter 24
25. Chapter 25
26. Chapter 26
27. Chapter 27
28. Chapter 28
29. Chapter 29

Edited by

Ramesh N. Patel

Copyright 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Names: Patel, Ramesh N., 1942
Title: Green biocatalysis / edited by Ramesh N. Patel.
Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015047535 (print) | LCCN 2015047720 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118822296 (hardback) | ISBN 9781118822357 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118822364 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: EnzymesBiotechnology. | Biocatalysis. | Green chemistry. |BISAC: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical.
Classification: LCC TP248.65.E59 G735 2016 (print) | LCC TP248.65.E59 (ebook) | DDC 660dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015047535

Cover image courtesy of Wiley

Microorganisms, and biocatalysts derived from them, have enormous potential for carrying out the conversion of a variety of synthetic chemicals to useful products in a highly chemoselective, enantioselective, and regioselective manner. Green biocatalysis provides a technology that uses milder and safer processes. Bioprocesses are carried out under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure in aqueous conditions, which do not cause any racemization, epimerization, or rearrangement of compounds and thus avoid any protection and deprotection steps during synthesis and shorten the synthetic processes. It prevents, eliminates, or minimizes waste rather than offering waste remediation. Green biocatalysis also uses renewable resources and less hazardous materials than chemical processes. Advances in directed evolution under process conditions have provided novel, efficient, and stable biocatalysts for the development of efficient and economical processes under desired operational conditions. One can achieve sustainable development goals using green biocatalytic processes.

Demand for chiral compounds continues to increase, mainly for use in pharmaceuticals but also in other industries such as flavor, fragrance, cosmetics, and agricultural chemicals. Chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were previously usually formulated as racemates; the preference now is for single enantiomers. The switch from a racemic compound to a single enantiomer of API is required to extend life-cycle management and also to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs.

Since the mid-2000s, progress in the high-level expression of enzymes, in Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, and other microbial systems, and improvement in fermentation technology has led to an increase in cell yields in a much shorter time. Advances in protein purification technology, determination of the structure of proteins along with molecular cloning, and the random and directed evolution of biocatalysts have opened up unlimited access to a variety of efficient enzymes and microbial cultures as tools in organic synthesis. The development of efficient immobilization techniques for biocatalysts and the reusability of biocatalysts have provided highly economical and energy-efficient processes for the synthesis of key intermediates and drug products in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, flavor, fragrance, cosmetics, and pesticide industries.

Various chapters in this book are contributed by internationally renowned scientists and professors from industry and from well known universities, with many years of experience in the design and development of green processes and the industrial application of various processes in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The book contains 29 chapters with over 3000 references and more than 700 equations, drawings, and tables. It examines the use of a variety of classes of enzymes in the development of green processes to generate chiral compounds useful in chemoenzymatic synthesis of drug and agricultural products, cosmetics, and flavor compounds. All the chapters are well presented and cover the following key aspects of biocatalysis: