Stuart Ira Fox - Fifteenth Edition

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, FIFTEENTH EDITION

Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2019 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions 2016, 2013, and 2011. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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ISBN 978-1-259-86462-9

MHID 1-259-86462-6

Portfolio Managers: Amy Reed, Michael Ivanov

Product Developer: Fran Simon

Content Project Managers: Kelly Hart/Jessica Portz, Christina Nelson, Sandra Schnee

Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy

Design: Matt Backhaus

Content Licensing Specialist: Lori Hancock

Cover Image: STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY (Blood Cell, Top Left);Science Photo Library /Alamy Stock Photo (Blood Cell, Top Right);Science Photo Library / Alamy Stock Photo (Leukaemia blood cells, Bottom Left);STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY (Blood Cell, Bottom Right);William B. Westwood, 1982 (Background image)

Compositor: MPS Limited

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fox, Stuart Ira, author.

Human physiology / Stuart Ira Fox, Pierce College.

Fifteenth edition. | New York : McGraw-Hill Education, [2019] | Includes index.

LCCN 2017038924 | ISBN 9781259864629 (acid-free paper)

LCSH: Human physiology--Textbooks.

LCC QP34.5 .F68 2019 | DDC 612--dc23 LC record available at

https://lccn.loc.gov/2017038924

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered

Appendixes

Stuart Ira Fox earned a Ph.D. in human physiology from the Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, at the University of Southern California, after earning degrees at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA); California State University, Los Angeles; and UC Santa Barbara. He has spent most of his professional life teaching at Los Angeles City College; California State University, Northridge; and Pierce College, where he has won numerous teaching awards, including several Golden Apples. Stuart has authored forty editions of seven textbooks, which are used worldwide and have been translated into several languages, and two novels. When not engaged in professional activities, he likes to hike, fly fish, and cross-country ski in the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains.

To my wife, Ellen; and to Laura, Jacob, and Kayleigh. For all the important reasons.

Ellen Fox

Krista Lee Rompolski earned her Ph.D. in exercise physiology from the University of Pittsburgh, Department of Health and Physical Activity, after earning her bachelors and masters degrees from Bloomsburg University, near her birthplace of Mount Carmel, PA. Since completing her Ph.D., Krista has been teaching Anatomy and Physiology, Pathophysiology, Exercise Physiology, and clinical research courses at Drexel University in Philadelphia. Krista is actively involved in continued anatomy and physiology education, academic research, and physical activity research. When not engaged in professional activities, she enjoys dancing, reading, and traveling anywhere with a rich history.

To my parents, Elaine and John, who taught me how to chase my dreams and believed in me first; and to my husband, Dan, my very best friend, who picked up right where they left off.

Katherine Coccagna

The Story of the Fifteenth Edition

Stuart Fox, Ph.D., wrote the first edition (published 1983) to help students understand the concepts of human physiology, and this objective has remained the guiding principle through all of the subsequent editions. All editions have been lauded for their readability, the currency of the information, and the clarity of the presentation. The fifteenth edition continues this tradition by presenting human physiology in the most current, readable, and student-oriented way possible. This milestone edition is marked by a unique cover, the addition of a Digital Author, a new art program, and the updating of terminology and content.

It takes a village! To create this landmark fifteenth edition, Stuart had the support of Krista Rompolski as the Digital Author and a superb team at McGraw-Hill Education and MPS Limited. This team includes Michael Ivanov, Fran Simon, Andrea Eboh, Kelly Hart, Jessica Portz, Christina Nelson, Joan Weber, Angela FitzPatrick, Amy Reed, Jim Connely, Kristine Rellihan, Matt Backhaus, and Lori Hancock. We are all incredibly grateful to the many reviewers who provided their time and expertise to critically examine individual chapters and be Board of Advisor partners. These reviewers and advisors are listed on the pages that follow.

Cover

The cover is the most immediately apparent change for the fifteenth edition. For this edition, Bill Westwoods cover art depicting the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys from the 1983 first edition of the book serves as the background, while the foreground features colorized scanning electron micrographs of blood cells. Westwood, a renowned biomedical illustrator, created all but one of the covers of the previous editions.

Digital Author

For the first time, this textbook has a Digital Author, Krista Rompolski, Ph.D. (Drexel University). Krista Rompolski is responsible for all of the digital content that supports the fifteenth edition, ensuring that it is specifically tailored to the needs of students and instructors who use the textbook.

As part of this effort, Krista collaborated closely with Stuart, carefully reading every line of the text and making numerous suggestions and comments, many of which were adopted. This partnership greatly aided the author in ensuring that the fifteenth edition became even more current, readable, and student friendly. As a result of Kristas significant investment, the digital resources for the fifteenth edition are seamlessly integrated with the textbook content and will continue to be a uniquely useful tool for students and professors.