Nicholas - THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC VACCINE IN AMERICA: Joe Biden policy on vaccines and Everything you need to know about the New Pfizer vaccine

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THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC VACCINE IN AMERICA

Joe Biden policy on vaccines and Everything you need to know about the New Pfizer vaccine

Dr. Karina Nicholas

Copyright2020 Dr. Karina Nicholas

All Right Reserved

TABLE OF CONTENT

What role do trials have?

INTRODUCTION

Covid-19 vaccine would be a vital tool to better contain the pandemic when combined with successful monitoring and current preventive measures. Experts around the world are working hard to accelerate the development and manufacture of a safe and reliable vaccine.

Vaccine usually takes years of study and testing before hitting the clinic, but in 2020 scientists began a race to deliver safe and efficient coronavirus vaccines in record time. Researchers are currently testing 59 vaccines in human clinical trials and 16 have entered the final stage of testing. At least 86 pre-clinical vaccines in animals are under active review.

The first coronavirus vaccine was administered to the US health after more than 300,000 people died with covid-19 and 16 million were infected in the United States. workers on Dec. 14. Public health officials require at least 70% of the population to have one vaccine rolled out so that the nation can achieve herd immunity and prevent the spread of the virus.

The use of the Pfizer / BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was lawfully authorized by the United State Food and Drug Administration on Friday, December 11.

According to the findings of the clinical trial, the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is 95 per cent successful in preventing COVID-19, and is at least 90 per cent effective even with the margin of error.

The active ingredient in the vaccine is the RNA messenger providing instructions for making the virus spike protein. The spike protein is recognized by the body's immune system to protect against infection. The mRNA is synthetic, not derived from live viruses, and does not join or interfere with the body's own DNA.

When germs, such as viruses, enter the body, they strike and spread. This invasion, called an outbreak, is what triggers the disease. The immune system uses a variety of methods to combat infection. The first time the body experiences a germ or virus, it can take several days for the body to make and use all the germ-fighting resources required to battle the infection. After the infection, the immune system recalls what it learnt about defending the body from the disease. Vaccines help develop immunity by imitating an infection. Vaccines dramatically minimize the risk of infection by interacting with the body's natural defenses to establish immunity to disease.

While some vaccinations, like flu vaccines, use dead or deactivated viruses to mimic the infection, the vaccine accepted for COVID-19 doesnt. It uses body messenger RNA to teach the immune system to identify the SARS-CoV-2 virus. An individual cannot get COVID-19 out of the vaccine.

CHAPTER ONE

Whats a Pfizer vaccine and how does it Work?

The United Kingdom has become the first nation in the world to authorize coronavirus vaccine for widespread use since regulators recently gave the green light to Pfizer-BioNTech Jab. The vaccine helps the immune system to combat and protect against coronavirus.

It is a modern form of Jab called an RNA vaccine a cutting-edge technology that uses a tiny fragment of the virus's genetic code. This helps to render part of the virus within the body, which the immune system identifies as foreign and begins to attack.

The genetic material is wrapped in a tiny protective fat bubble to bring it into the cells.

The exact ingredients of the vaccine have not been made public, although other vaccines which contain other ingredients, such as aluminum, to make them stable or more active. The vaccine is administered in two doses-three weeks apart-and provides up to 95% safety against Covid-19.

Why do we need a vaccine?

A Covid vaccine developed by Pfizer/BioNtech is now approved to be used within the United Kingdom and its first doses are administered to patient.

But how is it compared to other vaccines under development?

The vast majority of people are however exposed to coronavirus disease. It is only the present restrictions that keeps more people from dying.

A vaccine will instruct our bodies to fight infection by protecting us from catching coronavirus, or even by making Covid less destructive.

Having a vaccine, along with improved treatments, is the exit plan.

Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine

A significant breakthrough came when Pfizer/BioNTech released its first findings in November.

• The vaccine has been shown to be up to 95% effective

• The UK is due to receive 40 million doses
• It is delivered in two doses, three weeks apart
• Nearly 43,000 people had the vaccine, with no safety issues.

The vaccine must be kept at a temperature of about -70C. It will be shipped in a unique box, wrapped in dry ice and inserted with GPS trackers.

On 2 December, the United Kingdom became the first nation on the planet to authorize the Pfizer/BioNTech coronavirus vaccine for universal use.

Margaret Keenan, 90 years old, became the primary patient to receive the vaccine at the University Hospital in Coventry on 8 December, with 800,000 additional doses planned to be given in the coming weeks.

The vaccine is a new form called an RNA, which uses a tiny fragment of the virus's genetic code. This helps to render part of the virus within the body, which the immune system identifies as foreign and begins to attack.

RNA vaccines have never been licensed for use in humans before, although they have been received them in clinical trials for other diseases.

Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine

Trials of the Oxford vaccine indicate it stops 70% of individuals exhibiting Covid symptoms

The data also indicate a good immune response in older people .

• There are also interesting data indicating that improving the dose could improve safety by up to 90%.
• 100 million doses have been requested by the United Kingdom
• It is delivered in two doses
• Trials with more than 20,000 volunteers are however up and running

This may be one of the easiest vaccines to be dispensed, since it does not need to be kept at very cold temperatures.

It is made from a weakened form of a common cold virus from chimpanzees, that has been adapted so as not to develop in humans.

Moderna vaccine

Moderna uses the same strategy as the Pfizer vaccine.

• protects 94.5% of citizens, says the organization

• The UK will receive five million doses by early summer
• It is given in two doses, four weeks respectively
• 30,000 people participated in the trials, half of whom got the vaccine and half the placebo injections.

It's better to store than Pfizer's, since it remains steady at-20C for up to six months.

What other vaccines are being developed?

Other findings of the trial are also expected in the coming weeks.

• Data on the Russian Sputnik V vaccine, which acts like the Oxford one, shows that it is 92% effective.
• Janssen's trial recruits 6,000 participants around the UK from a total of 30,000 volunteers worldwide to see whether two jabs offer greater and longer-lasting immunity than one.
• The Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and Sinopharm in China, and the Russia's Gamaleya Research Institute are all in final experiments.

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