Contents
INTRODUCTION
A gaming mutr is a dkt that ftn custom bult fr th purpose of increasing rfrmn n mdrn mutr gm m rur n nr grhl nd rng power. One of the mt gnfnt dffrn btwn regular nd gaming machines video processing. Gaming mutr hv vd rd whh nlud ddtd RAM, a GPU, and a lng tm, whr a tl PC u n nbrd graphics ntrllr.
Htrll, th dr for high rfrmn gmng mutr h ld to th development of vrl mmnl ud hardware mnnt in normal dkt computers td. Sm examples nlud und rd, ntwrk rd, and vd rd.
The PC is the mt wrful gmng ltfrm ut there. A trng gmng computer has th potential for hghr resolutions, ftr frame rates, nd better visuals thn urrnt consoles can vn m l to hvng. It n b vr tmtng t buld ur wn gmng PC, but if you dn't know where t trt, t n also b ut ntmdtng nd turn u off entirely. Thnkfull, t dn't hv to b tht w. PC r much r t buld than th wr n th t, nd whl t' nt as putting tgthr a Lg spaceship, u dn't have t b rd of t.
Assembling th motherboard utd f th case wll mk ur whl experience muh easier to deal wth. Our gnrl rul f thumb is to install many rt bl bfr screwing t nt your . An mrtnt thng t note bfr starting n ur motherboard is tht u huld refer to its mnul ftn bl, as ur f mthrbrd may uggt f ways or places t ntll your mnnt. Al, k in mnd that rtn parts wll rur m fr when luggng thm in, while thr ml jut nd t b ld nt their respective spots. Please pay l ttntn to th fllwng ntrutn bfr ntllng ur mnnt.
The frt thng you'll wnt t d is make ur u'r mblng your PC n a flat urf. Dn't build t n a carpet--the mixture of tt ltrt nd ur PC' rt is a dangerous combination and uld u dmg t ur components. It' unlkl t hn, but w still uggt tuhng your mtl frm tm t tm t hl grund urlf nd avoid th frm happening.
CHAPTER ONE
A mutr is a mhn fr manipulating dt rdng to a list f ntrutn.
Cmutr tk numru hl frm. Erl electronic computers were the size f a lrg rm, numng as much wr as vrl hundrd mdrn personal mutr. Td, mutr n b md small nugh t ft into a wrist wth and b wrd frm a wth bttr. Society has m to rgnz rnl mutr nd thr rtbl uvlnt, th lt computer, icons of th information g; th r wht mt people thnk of as " computer." Hwvr, the mt common form f mutr n use td is b fr th embedded mutr. Embddd mutr are small, simple dv tht are often used t ntrl thr dvfr xml, th m be found n machines ranging from fghtr rrft to ndutrl robots, digital cameras, nd even children's t.
Th blt t store nd xut rgrm mk computers xtrml versatile nd dtnguh thm frm calculators. The ChurhTurng th is a mthmtl statement f th vrtlt: An mutr with a rtn minimum capability , in principle, bl f rfrmng th m tk that any thr computer n rfrm. Thrfr, computers with blt nd mlxt rngng frm that of a personal dgtl tnt to a urmutr r all bl to perform th same muttnl tk long time and trg t r nt ndrtn.
Htr f mutng
It dffult t dfn n n dv th rlt computer. The vr dfntn of a mutr has changed nd t therefore mbl t dntf the frt mutr. Mn dv n called "computers" would n lngr ulf such by today's standards.
Orgnll, th trm "computer" referred t a rn wh performed numrl calculations ( humn mutr), often with th aid f a mhnl lultng device. Exml of rl mhnl mutng devices included th abacus, the ld rul and arguably th trlb and the Antikythera mhnm (which dates frm but 150-100 B.C.E.). Th nd of th Mddl Agw a r-nvgrtn of European mathematics nd ngnrng, nd Wilhelm Shkrd' 1623 dv w th frt of a number f mhnl lultr ntrutd b Eurn ngnr.
However, none f th devices ft th mdrn dfntn f a mutr bu they uld not be rgrmmd. In 1801, Joseph Mr Jacquard md n improvement t the txtl loom that ud a series of punched r rd a tmlt t llw his lm t wv intricate ttrn automatically. The resulting Jurd loom w an mrtnt t n th dvlmnt of computers because the use f unhd rd t dfn woven ttrn n b vwd as n rl, lbt lmtd, frm f rgrmmblt.
In 1837, Chrl Bbbg w th frt to conceptualize and dgn a full rgrmmbl mhnl mutr tht h lld "Th Anltl Engine". (Th Anltl Engine huld nt be confused with Babbage's dffrn engine whh w a nn-rgrmmbl mhnl lultr.) Due to limited fnn, and n inability to rt tnkrng with the dgn, Bbbg nvr actually bult h Anltl Engn.
Lrg-l automated data rng f punched rd was rfrmd for th US Cnu n 1890 by tbultng machines designed b Hrmn Hllrth nd mnufturd b the Cmutng Tbultng Recording Corporation, which ltr bm IBM. B the end of th nineteenth ntur a numbr of thnlg tht would ltr rv uful n the rlztn f practical computers hd begun t r: The punched card, bln algebra, th vacuum tube (thermionic vlv), nd the tlrntr.
During the first hlf f th twntth ntur, mn ntf mutng needs were met b nrngl httd nlg mutr, whh ud a drt mhnl r ltrl mdl of the rblm a b for computation. However, these wr nt programmable nd gnrll lkd th vrtlt and ur of mdrn digital mutr.
A succession of tdl mr powerful nd flxbl mutng dv wr ntrutd in th 1930s nd 1940, gradually adding th k ftur tht r n n modern mutr. Th use f digital electronics (lrgl invented b Clud Shnnn n 1937) and mr flexible programmability wr vtll important t, but defining one nt along th rd "th frt dgtl electronic mutr" is difficult (Shnnn 1940). Notable hvmnt include:
EDSAC was one of the frt computers t mlmnt th trd rgrm (vn Neumann) rhttur.
Knrd Zu' electromechanical "Z mhn." Th Z3 (1941) w the frt working mhn featuring bnr arithmetic, including fltng nt rthmt nd a measure f rgrmmblt. Ltr, n 1998, th Z3 w rvd t b Turing mlt, nd therefore w officially labeled th wrld' frt rtnl mutr.
The Atanasoff-Berry Cmutr (1941) which ud vacuum tub bd muttn, bnr numbers, and regenerative tr mmr.
The secret Brth Colossus computer (1944), whh hd lmtd rgrmmblt but dmntrtd tht a dv using thousands f tubes uld b rnbl rlbl nd ltrnll rrgrmmbl. It was ud fr brkng German wrtm d.
Th Harvard Mrk I (1944), a lrg-l electromechanical mutr wth lmtd rgrmmblt.
Th U.S. Arm' Ballistics Research Lbrtr ENIAC (1946) ud decimal arithmetic and was th first gnrl ur electronic computer. It consumed n estimated 174 kW. (By mrn, a tl rnl computer m u rund 400 W; vr fur hundrd times less.[1]) It ntll hd n nflxbl rhttur tht essentially required rwrng t hng its programming.
Several dvlr f ENIAC, rgnzng t flw, m u with a fr mr flxbl and lgnt design, which m t b known the trd rgrm architecture r vn Numnn rhttur. Th dgn was frt frmll drbd by Jhn vn Numnn n the r "Frt Drft f a Rrt on the EDVAC," ublhd n 1945. A numbr of rjt t develop mutr bd n the trd rgrm architecture mmnd rund th time, th first f these being mltd in Grt Brtn. Th frt t b dmntrtd wrkng w the Mnhtr Smll-Sl Exrmntl Machine (SSEM) r "Bb." Hwvr, th EDSAC, mltd a r after SSEM, w rh th first practical mlmnttn f th trd program dgn. Shrtl thereafter, the mhn originally described b vn Numnn' rEDVACw completed but ddn't see full-tm use fr n additional tw r.
Nearly ll mdrn computers mlmnt m form f th stored program rhttur, mkng t th ngl trait by which th wrd "mutr" nw dfnd. B th tndrd, mn earlier devices wuld no longer b called mutr b today's dfntn, but are uull rfrrd to uh n thr htrl context. Whl th thnlg used in mutr hv changed dramatically n the frt ltrn, gnrl-ur mutr of th 1940, most still u the von Numnn rhttur. The dgn made th unvrl computer a rtl rlt.
Mrrr r mnturzd devices that often implement stored program CPU.
Vuum tub-bd computers wr in use thrughut the 1950s, but wr lrgl rld n th 1960s b transistor-based devices, whh wr mllr, ftr, hr, ud less wr nd wr mr rlbl. Th ftr allowed mutr t b rdud on n unrdntd mmrl l. B th 1970, the dtn of integrated circuit technology nd th ubunt rtn f mrrr such as th Intl 4004 caused another l n z, speed, t nd rlblt. B th 1980, computers had bm sufficiently mll nd cheap t replace ml mhnl controls n domestic ln uh as washing mhn. Arund th same tm, mutr bm wdl accessible fr rnl use b ndvdul n th frm f hm mutr nd the nw ubutu personal mutr. In conjunction with th widespread grwth of th Internet n th 1990, rnl mutr are bmng as mmn the tlvn and the tlhn and lmt ll mdrn electronic devices contain a mutr f m kind.
