Devasena T. - Nanotechnology-COVID-19 Interface

• A timely report of state-of-the art methods

• An introduction to or a manual for the application of mathematical or computer techniques

• A bridge between new research results, as published in journal articles

• A snapshot of a hot or emerging topic

• An in-depth case study

• A presentation of core concepts that students must understand in order to make independent contributions

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by the SARS CoV was first identified in the Guangdong Province of Southern China during 20022003, which killed approximately 900 people. The pandemic spread rapidly to around 25 countries with flu-like symptoms including malaise, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, shivering (rigors), fever, headache and respiratory problems such as cough and shortness of breath. SARS CoV was thought to be an animal virus, perhaps of bat origin, that spread to other animals (civet cats) and first infected humans in 2002.

SARS CoV transmission was peaked during second week after infection. However, in countries like Toronto in Canada, Hong Kong, China, Chinese Taipei, Singapore and Hanoi, there was a considerable transmission while China was considered as the potential zone of SARS CoV2 reemergence. In this peak period, viral titer was reported to be higher in respiratory secretions leading to clinical deterioration. After 2003, no areas of the world reported natural transmission of SARS. But, SARS was reported to spread again from laboratory accidents in Singapore and Chinese Taipei and once in southern China where the source of infection is anonymous. However, appropriate non-pharmaceutical intervention played a vital role in ending that global outbreak. Later, the SARS CoV was classified as a member of A-lineage beta coronavirus, and the genome was sequenced (Rota et al. ).