Michael Olorunfunmi Kolawole - Electronics: from Classical to Quantum

From Classical to Quantum

Michael Olorunfunmi Kolawole

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Kolawole, Michael O., author.

Title: Electronics : from classical to quantum / Michael Olorunfunmi

Kolawole.

Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020. | Includes

bibliographical references and index. | Summary: This book discusses

formulation and classification of integrated circuits, develops

hierarchical structure of functional logic blocks to build more complex

digital logic circuits, outlines the structure of transistors, their

processing techniques, their arrangement forming logic gates and digital

circuits, optimal pass transistor stages of buffered chain, and

performance of designed circuits under noisy conditions. It also

outlines the principles of quantum electronics leading to the

development of lasers, masers, reversible quantum gates and circuits and

applications of quantum cells Provided by publisher.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020011028 (print) | LCCN 2020011029 (ebook) |

ISBN 9780367512224 (hardback) | ISBN 9781003052913 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Electronics. | Electronic circuits. | Quantum electronics.

Classification: LCC TK7815 .K64 2020 (print) | LCC TK7815 (ebook) | DDC

621.3815dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020011028

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020011029

ISBN: 978-0-367-51222-4 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-05291-3 (ebk)

Typeset in Times

by codeMantra

The impetus for writing this book Electronics: From Classical to Quantum comes from the realization that there is somehow discontinuity in the understanding of the main ideas and techniques in the field of electronics. The rapid rate of progress in this field has made the new emphasis on electronics focusing on quantum information, thus making it difficult for newcomers to obtain a broad overview of the most important techniques of the field and the results drawn from the developed techniques. As a result, this book brings together the essential learning tools to understanding the basicsclassical and integrated circuits arising from Boolean irreversible conceptsto evolving high-speed analytical processes based on the quantum mechanics to developing and designing reversible quantum electronic circuits. While current technology is digital and evolving to quantum, real-life conversations require both analog and digital technology. As such, an understanding of the conversion process involved is also discussed.

The purpose of this book is therefore twofold. First, it introduces the background material in chemistry, physics, and engineering necessary to understanding the formulation of digital integrated and quantum electronic circuits. This is done at a level comprehensible to readers with a background at least the equal of a beginning graduate student in one or more of these three disciplines. Second, it develops in detail the essential digital integrated and quantum electronic circuitries. With thorough study, the reader is enabled to develop a working understanding of the fundamental tools and results of quantum field, either as part of their general education or as a prelude to independent research in quantum electronics and quantum information, leading to enabling substantial improvements in the electronics in terms of innovation, flexibility, and efficiency.

In order to provide a simple but excellent explanation of the technical aspects of electronics engineering from digital to quantum, which is a recent phenomenon, as well as enabling the reader to move on to more complex design and operational concepts without great difficulty, this book is structured into nine chapters covering:

1. The processes involved in producing electronic devices or circuits that comprise many layers of single or compound elements, their fabrication processes, limitations, and classification, as well as the concepts behind small-scale integration (SSI), medium-scale integration (MSI), large-scale integration (LSI), very large-scale integration (VLSI), and ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI).

2. Analysis and design of logic gates as well as interfacing between various logic families: primitive, combinational, and sequential logic circuits.

3. Principles and design of transistors, as well as their applications and use in logic circuits designs including switching and wave-shaping circuits, regenerative circuits (astable and monostable), and understanding operational amplifier fundamentals including multivibrators, comparators, and Schmitt triggers.

4. Analysis, design, fabrication process, and application of Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) including metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and variants.

5. The process of data conversion: analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) conversion processes and application.

6. An overview of the electronic properties of nanomaterials from bulk to nanoscale.

7. The fundamentals of laser and maser, as well as the underlying principles of quantum electronics from basic quantum mechanics to the formulation of quantum gates and circuits, including gates developed based on quantum cells, fabrication methods including self-assembly and tunneling, error correction, and an overview of quantum cryptography and the distribution of cryptographic keys in particular.