Kenneth S. Saladin Dr. - ISE Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology (ISE HED APPLIED BIOLOGY)

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Third Edition

Kenneth S. Saladin

Georgia College

Robin K. McFarland

Cabrillo College

Digital Author

Christina A. Gan

Highline College

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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2022 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

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• ISBN 978-1-260-59819-3
  MHID 1-260-59819-5

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Tim Vacula

KENNETH S. SALADIN is Distinguished Professor of Biology, Emeritus, at Georgia College in Milledgeville, Georgia, where he taught from 1977 to 2017. Kens courses included human anatomy and physiology, introductory medical physiology, histology, animal behavior, parasitology, and natural history of the Galapagos Islands. Ken is a member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society, American Physiological Society, American Association for Anatomy, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, and Textbook and Academic Authors Association. He is the author of the best-selling textbooks Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function and Human Anatomy. Kens textbooks support several scholarshipsas well as an endowed chair in biomedical science; an endowed annual lecture in science, medicine, and society; and ecosystem conservation in the Galpagos Islands.

Robin McFarland

ROBIN MCFARLAND has taught anatomy and physiology at Cabrillo College in Aptos, California, since 1998. She earned a Ph.D. in physical (biological) anthropology from the University of Washington, where she studied the relationship between body fat and reproduction in primates. Robin subsequently conducted research on comparative ape anatomy with colleagues at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Robin is a member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society, and a member of the American Association of Physical Anthropology. She is passionate about teaching anatomy and physiology. She and her husband Jeff have two children: Reid and Madeleine. Robin enjoys hiking and climbing mountains.

Yuen Lui Studios/Chris Gan

CHRISTINA A. GAN , digital author for Connect, has been teaching anatomy and physiology, genetics, microbiology, and general biology at Highline College near Seattle, Washington, since 2004. Before that, she taught at Rogue Community College in Medford, Oregon for 6 years. She earned her M.A. in biology from Humboldt State University where she studied population genetics, and is a member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society. When she is not in the classroom or developing digital media, she is climbing, mountaineering, skiing, kayaking, sailing, cycling, and mountain biking throughout the Pacific Northwest.

Dedicated to the memory of my most important teacher and mentor, Donald R. Sly (19312019). K.S.S. This book is dedicated to my students, who inspire and delight me. R.K.M.

The authors would enjoy hearing from colleagues and students alike who use this book and may wish to offer suggestions for our next edition, or encouragement to continue doing certain things the way we have. Such feedback is invaluable for improving a textbook, and the authors will endeavor to answer all correspondence.

• Kenneth S. Saladin, Ph.D.

• Milledgeville, Georgia

• ksaladin2@windstream.net

• Robin K. McFarland, Ph.D.

• Cabrillo College, Aptos, California

• romcfarl@cabrillo.edu

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• About the Authorsiv

• Table of Contentsv

• Taking Anatomy & Physiology to New Heightsx

• Making Anatomy & Physiology Intriguing and Inspiringxii

• Acknowledgmentsxxi

Eye of Science/Science Source

1. 1.1 AnatomyThe Structural Basis of Human Function2

2. 1.2 PhysiologyDynamic Processes in the Living Body8

3. Perspectives on Health9

4. 1.3 The Human Body Plan13

5. 1.4 The Language of Medicine21

6. Career Spotlight: Radiologic Technologist26

7. Study Guide27

1. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules31

2. 2.2 Water, Acids, and Bases37

3. 2.3 Organic Compounds40

4. Perspectives on Health51

5. 2.4 Energy and Chemical Reactions53

6. Career Spotlight: Medical Technologist56

7. Study Guide57

1. 3.1 The General Structure of Cells61

2. 3.2 The Cell Surface63

3. 3.3 The Cell Interior75

4. 3.4 The Life Cycle of Cells85

5. Perspectives on Health89