Elisa Perego - Collapse or survival: micro-dynamics of crisis and endurance in the ancient central Mediterranean

Micro-dynamics of crisis and endurance in the ancient central Mediterranean

edited by

Elisa Perego, Rafael Scopacasa and Silvia Amicone

Oxford & Philadelphia

Published in the United Kingdom in 2019 by

OXBOW BOOKS

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and in the United States by OXBOW BOOKS

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Oxbow Books and the individual contributors 2019

Hardback Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-100-5

Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-101-2

Kindle Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-102-9

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019945291

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Front cover: Gallura coastline of Sardinia, Italy (photo by Silvia Amicone)

List of figures

1.1. Map of Italy with main sites mentioned in the chapter (drawn by Elisa Perego and Lars Heinze; base map courtesy of the Ancient World Mapping Center).

1.2. Example of cassetta tomb from Este Ricovero: reconstruction of Tomb 13 from Tumulus XYZ, dating between the late sixth and the first half of the fifth century BC (after Gambacurta and Ruta Serafini 1998; Tumulus XYZ is also mentioned in Perego and Scopacasa b this volume).

1.3. Example of cremation tomb in a wooden container: reconstruction of Tomb 159/1991 from the Via Tiepolo/Via S. Massimo cemetery in Padua (after Gambacurta 2005).

1.4. Hypothetical reconstruction of pear-shaped tumuli from the Este Ricovero cemetery ( c . 625 to 525 BC). For a plan of the same tumuli , including approximate scale, cf . Fig. 1.5. The same cemetery area is shown in a different chronological phase in Fig. 1.6 (after Balista and Ruta Serafini 1998, 19, fig. 1).

1.5. Plan of Este Ricovero in the late seventh and sixth centuries BC, with hypothetical reconstruction of Tumulus L, Tumulus A/A and Tomb 19/1987 (modified by Elisa Perego after Balista and Ruta Serafini 1998). The same cemetery area is shown in a different chronological phase in Fig. 1.6, while the tumuli are seen in Fig. 1.4.

1.6. Plan of Este Ricovero in the eighth and seventh centuries BC, with hypothetical reconstruction of Tumulus Tr. D and Tomb 143 (modified by Elisa Perego and Lars Heinze after Balista and Ruta Serafini 1998). The same cemetery area is shown in a different chronological phase in Fig. 1.5.

2.1. Map of Italy with main sites mentioned in the chapter (drawn by Elisa Perego and Lars Heinze; base map courtesy of the Ancient World Mapping Center).

2.2. Tomb 1 from Oppeano ex-Fornace (after Candelato et al. 2015).

2.3. Prone burial from Gazzo Colombara (after Salzani 2008a).

2.4. Kneeling burial from Oppeano La Montara (after Salzani 2008b).

3.1. Map of Sicily (above) (elaboration by Lars Heinze); map of Manfria and its territory (below) (elaboration by Lars Heinze after IGM 50000 F 643 Gela 1968; courtesy of Soprintendenza BB.CC.AA. di Caltanissetta, February 2015).

3.2. The site of the possible location of the so-called fattoria officina of Manfria (above, left, satellite picture taken from https://maps.google.de ); the countryside around the fattoria officina nowadays (above, right); complex with some rock-cut structures still visible, possibly the fattoria officina (below) (photos by the authors).

3.3. Plan of the so-called fattoria officina of Manfria (elaboration by Lars Heinze after Adamesteanu 1958a, fig. 4).

3.4. Red-figure monumental skyphoi by the Manfria Painter from the scarico (after Panvini 1998, 2135).

3.5. The discovery of the first thysia (courtesy of Soprintendenza BB.CC.AA. di Agrigento, Prot. N. 2959, 6 March 2015).

3.6 ac. Pottery from the so-called fattoria officina of Manfria: a. skyphoi and kylikes from two of the better preserved thysiai ; b. black-gloss ware from the destruction layer of the main building (room A); c. black-gloss ware from the cistern fill (elaboration by Lars Heinze).

3.7 Semi-glazed and plain ware vessel types (lidded bowl, one-handlers, kylikes) from the scarico (elaboration by Lars Heinze).

3.8 ac. Black-gloss pottery from the scarico : a. stemless cups; b. footless bowls; c. Corinthian-type skyphoi (elaboration by Lars Heinze).

3.8 dg. Black-gloss pottery from the scarico : d. cup-skyphoi and kantharoi; e. Attic-type skyphoi; f. small bowls; g. one-handlers (elaboration by Lars Heinze).

3.8 hl. Black-gloss pottery from the scarico : h. plates; i. jugs; j. squat lekythoi; k. strainer askoi; l. lamps (elaboration by Lars Heinze).

4.1 Map of Italy with Tarquinia (drawn by Elisa Perego and Lars Heinze; base map courtesy of the Ancient World Mapping Center).

5.1 Map of Sicily with Morgantina (drawn by Lars Heinze).

5.2 Morgantina, evidence of 211 BC conquest in houses and sanctuaries (Monika Trmper after MS VI 30, fig. 1, pl. 143).

5.3 Morgantina, South Sanctuary, plan (after White 1964, 274).

5.4 Morgantina, House of Ganymede, plan (Monika Trmper after Bell 2011, fig. 42).

5.5 Morgantina, House of the Doric Capital (after Trmper 2014, 88, fig. 1).

5.6 Morgantina, House of the Official, phases according to Tsakirgis 1984 (Monika Trmper after Haug and Steuernagel 2014, 68, figs 756).

5.7 Morgantina, House of the Arched Cistern, phases according to Tsakirgis 1984 (Monika Trmper after Haug and Steuernagel 2014, 65, fig. 73; 70, figs 778).

5.8 Morgantina, House of the Tuscan Capitals (Monika Trmper after Tsakirgis 1990, 433, fig. 13).

5.9 Morgantina, Agora, distribution of cult sites (Monika Trmper after PR XII 315, fig. 1).

6.1 Map of Macedonia with sites mentioned in the chapter (drawn by Lars Heinze).

6.2 Acanthus, statue base with inscription SEG 1, 282 (photo by Frank Daubner 2011).

List of tables

2.1. Anomalous and macro-taphonomic features of the depositions from Oppeano ex-Fornace, Gazzo Veronese and Oppeano La Montara.

4.1. Sympotic and toiletry sets from the Calvario cemetery.

5.1. Houses in Morgantina mentioned in the chapter.

5.2. Developments in Morgantina, literary vs. archaeological evidence.

List of contributors

Dr. Silvia Amicone is a Research Scientist at the University of Tbingen within the Competence Center Archaeometry Baden-Wrttemberg (CCA-BW). She is also an Honorary Research Associate at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL). At UCL she completed an AHRC-funded doctoral research as member of the international project The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia. Silvia has contributed to several projects in the Balkans and the Mediterranean area as a pottery analyst specializing in pottery technology in contexts of intense socio-cultural innovation. She is an active member of The ceramic technology network at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL). In 2016 she was holder of the Fitch Bursary award at the British School at Athens (BSA). At the BSA, she carried out interdisciplinary research on cooking pottery production and consumption in the Greek and Roman site of Priene (Turkey). Since 2014 Silvia has also promoted the creation of the first research network for pottery technology in the Balkans, in cooperation with the Institute of Balkan Studies and the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences. Her recent publications include the forthcoming book Tracing Pottery-Making Recipes in the Prehistoric Balkans, 6th4th Millenia BC (co-edited with P.S. Quinn, M. Mari, N. Mirkovi-Mari and M. Radivojevi), as well as several chapters in the volumes of the Peshdar Plain Project Publications series (University of Munich). She also authored the journal articles Rediscovering the fattoria officina of Manfria (Gela). Towards a new chronological and functional interpretation of the site ( Accordia Research Papers ), and Cooking pottery in Priene: imports and local productions from late Classical to late Hellenistic times (co-authored with N. Fenn, L. Heinze and G. Schneider in Frankfurter elektronische Rundschau zur Altertumskunde 25).