Vincent OMalley - The Treaty of Waitangi Companion : Maori and Pakeha from Tasman to Today.

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The Treaty of Waitangi Companion

THE TREATY OF WAITANGI COMPANION

MORI AND PKEH FROM TASMAN TO TODAY

Edited by Vincent OMalley, Bruce Stirling and Wally Penetito

First published 2010
This ebook edition 2013

Auckland University Press
University of Auckland
Private Bag 92019
Auckland 1142
New Zealand
www.press.auckland.ac.nz

Selection and introductions Vincent OMalley,
Bruce Stirling and Wally Penetito, 2010

eISBN 978 1 86940 681 3

National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
The Treaty of Waitangi companion : Mori and Pkeh from
Tasman to today / edited by Vincent OMalley, Bruce Stirling
and Wally Penetito.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
eISBN 978 1 86940 681 3
1. Treaty of Waitangi (1840) 2. Maori (New Zealand people)
Government relationsHistory. 3. New Zealand
Race relationsHistorySources. [1. Tiriti o Waitangi. reo
2. Noho--iwi. reo 3. Whenua raupatu. reo
4. Tangata whenua. reo] I. OMalley, Vincent, 1967
II. Stirling, Bruce, 1963- III. Penetito, Wally.
993.00499442dc 22

This book is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior permission of the publisher.

Cover image: Marcus King, The Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, 6 February 1840,
painted 1938 (detail), G-821-2, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

Contents

Preface

Mori Magna Carta or a mega-fraud? A blueprint for partnership or mere instrument of annexation and dispossession? Like the Bible or the American Constitution, the Treaty of Waitangi is open to multiple interpretations. It has been described variously as everything from a praiseworthy device for amusing and pacifying savages through to the founding document of New Zealand. Whatever view one holds, there is little doubt that the Treaty commands a central place in our nations history. Signed between various Mori chiefs and a representative of the British monarch in 1840, it has come to assume a larger significance as the defining document in the wider story of New Zealand race relations. In that sense Pkeh (and other non-Mori New Zealanders) can be seen as very much companions to that history, whether they like it or not. Tangata whenua and those described by some writers as tangata Tiriti (the people of the Treaty) thus share a common inheritance that is, today at least, difficult to ignore. We might reject our inheritance or respect it, but we should at least first seek to understand it.

A fuller understanding involves not just the nuts and bolts of the Treaty itself its text, the hopes and fears of its signatories (and those who rejected the agreement), and its subsequent observance or otherwise but the broader history of its conception from (in the widest sense) the time of the first fleeting contact with Tasman to today. The Treaty can therefore be viewed as a prism through which those broader relationships, at least since the signing of the agreement, are reflected, or perhaps, to adopt another metaphor, as a lens through which such relationships are magnified.

This book is the story of the Treaty and of those wider relationships. It takes the Treaty as a starting point rather than an end one. Our focus is the living Treaty, the Treaty in practice, rather than the Treaty of constitutionalists or legal historians. The latter approach would necessarily involve more proclamations (and fewer personal anecdotes) than are here presented. At the same time, there is more, of course, to the story of Mori and Pkeh relations than the Treaty alone. While this work dips into that wider narrative it does not immerse itself in it. In this regard, the work might be described as a Treaty-driven discourse or treatment of these relations. Such a history is an unfolding one, rather than something purely of the past. Through walking backwards into the future, as the Mori saying goes, this history continues to reveal itself.

It is sometimes said that the proof of a story is in its telling. If that is the case, then this work has many narrators. What better way to demonstrate the multiple constructions placed on the Treaty than to hear from the horses mouth, so to speak? The Treaty speaks through many voices, past and present, and it is with such a view in mind that this book sets out to provide an altogether novel way of telling the story of the Treaty of Waitangi, and Mori and Pkeh relations more generally, than is provided in more conventional historical accounts. Beyond brief introductory sections by way of context, the following work consists solely of extracts from various historical sources, supplemented by a range of illustrations.

The merits of such an approach seem obvious. In our view, the words of historical figures sometimes carry an immediacy, and poignancy, that even the most articulate of historians would struggle to adequately convey by way of mere summary or synopsis. What historian could better capture King Tawhiaos sheer sense of frustration at the repeated failure of colonial politicians to address the concerns of his people, or the prophet Te Whitis messages of peace and tolerance, or for that matter Sir William Martins eloquent appeals against the injustice of confiscation in the 1860s?

At the same time, a note of caution seems necessary. The idea that historical sources can or should be allowed to speak for themselves is, on the face of it, an attractive one. Many historians would, however, reject such a suggestion as at best naive. Although it might be tempting to dismiss their concerns as involving a large element of patch protection, up to a point they are right. As we are able to fully testify, sources do not select, edit, organise and arrange themselves historians do.

And yet, there are limits on the extent to which historical sources are open to the ready manipulation of historians. Any serious historian has an obligation, for example, to faithfully render quotations to the best of their ability. They cannot simply make up quotations or put words in the mouths of historical actors which those sources did not at some point actually say or write. This book might therefore be seen as a conduit through which the many voices of the Treaty can be heard.

While there are any number of conclusions which might be drawn from such sources, for the most part we endeavour to leave it to readers to decide what these might be, while the book has also been framed in a way that allows it to be read from cover to cover, dipped into at random points, or merely consulted as a reference source. At the same time, we should emphasise that our work is intended as a complement to, rather than substitute for, standard historical works, and for this reason we offer brief suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter. Readers are encouraged to consult these for deeper and fuller contextualisation and interpretation than is here presented.

Acknowledgements

A number of different individuals and organisations have assisted us in various ways with this work. Thanks are owed to Claudia Orange, David Armstrong, Denise Cadigan, Joanna Kidman, Kahu Ropata, Micky Stevens, Moka Apiti, Pine Southon, Sheena Penetito, the Waitangi Tribunal, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, and the staff of the various research repositories visited, including the Alexander Turnbull Library, the National Library, Archives New Zealand and elsewhere.

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