Quentin Docter - CompTIA A+ Complete Deluxe Study Guide with Online Labs: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam 220-1102

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 5
5. Chapter 6
6. Chapter 7
7. Chapter 8
8. Chapter 9
9. Chapter 10
10. Chapter 12
11. Chapter 13
12. Chapter 14
13. Chapter 15
14. Chapter 16
15. Chapter 18
16. Chapter 21

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
14. Chapter 14
15. Chapter 15
16. Chapter 16
17. Chapter 17
18. Chapter 18
19. Chapter 19
20. Chapter 20
21. Chapter 21
22. Chapter 22
23. Appendix B

Fifth Edition

Quentin Docter

Jon Buhagiar

Copyright 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada and the United Kingdom.

ISBN: 9781119863212

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permission.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware the Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2022931857

TRADEMARKS: WILEY, the Wiley logo, Sybex, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CompTIA and A+ are registered trademarks of CompTIA, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Cover image: Getty Images Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse

Cover design: Wiley

• For my girls.

  Quentin Docter

  For my wife and son.

  Jon Buhagiar

As we were putting together this book, I was reminded of the proverb that begins It takes a village. That beginning definitely holds true for creating a book of this scope and size. From beginning to end, scores of dedicated professionals have focused on delivering the best book possible to you, the readers.

First, I need to thank my coauthor, Jon Buhagiar. I appreciate him diving in and dedicating himself to helping to produce an excellent book. I also need to give special thanks to our technical editor, Chris Crayton. He was meticulous and thorough, and challenged me to always find new and better ways to communicate complex concepts. His entire focus was on providing the best training material possible, and I doubt there's better in the business. Now, on to the rest of the team.

Kenyon Brown and Kim Wimpsett kept us on track and moving forward, which was a challenge at times. Saravanan Dakshinamurthy had the fun job of keeping us organized, which is akin to herding cats. Copyeditor Elizabeth Welch reminded me yet again that I am no master of the English language and saved me from butchering it (too badly). Many thanks also go out to our proofreader, Arielle Guy, and our indexer, Tom Dinse. Without their great contributions, this book would not have made it into your hands.

On a personal note, I need to thank my family. My girls are all incredibly supportive. Unfortunately, book writing as a side hustle while holding down a full-time job takes up a lot of time. I end up hiding in my office a lot, but they're always there for me, and I couldn't do it without them. Another huge thanks goes to my late grandpa, Joe, who got me into computers and taught me so many lessons I will never be able to repay. Finally, thanks to my friends who keep me relatively saneSean, Kurtis, Tim, John, Cory, and othersand laugh at me when I tell them I spent my weekend writing about the laser printer imaging process.

Quentin Docter

I would like to first thank my coauthor, Quentin Docter. Throughout the writing of this book, he helped me with his insight and his expertise in writing technical books. Without his words of wisdom and guidance, this book would not be the product it stands to be. I would also like to give special thanks to our technical editor, Chris Crayton. His thorough review of the material helped to identify many areas for us to elaborate on and polish.

I would also like to thank the many people who made this book possible: Kenyon Brown at Wiley Publishing, for giving me the opportunity to write this book and work with this wonderful team; Kim Wimpsett, for keeping us on track during the writing process; Christine O'Connor, who also kept us on track and organized during the publishing process; and our copyeditor, Liz Welch, for helping me use proper English. I'd also like to thank the many other people I've never met but who worked behind the scenes to make this book a success.