GENDER IN HISTORY
Series editors:
Lynn Abrams, Cordelia Beattie, Pam Sharpe and Penny Summerfield
The expansion of research into the history of women and gender since the 1970s has changed the face of history. Using the insights of feminist theory and of historians of women, gender historians have explored the configuration in the past of gender identities and relations between the sexes. They have also investigated the history of sexuality and family relations, and analysed ideas and ideals of masculinity and femininity. Yet gender history has not abandoned the original, inspirational project of womens history: to recover and reveal the lived experience of women in the past and the present.
The series Gender in History provides a forum for these developments. Its historical coverage extends from the medieval to the modern periods, and its geographical scope encompasses not only Europe and North America but all corners ofthe globe. The series aims to investigate the social and cultural constructions of gender in historical sources, as well as the gendering of historical discourse itself. It embraces both detailed case studies of specific regions or periods, and broader treatments of major themes. Gender in History titles are designed to meet the needs of both scholars and students working in this dynamic area of historical research.
Modern women on trial
THIS SERIES
ALSO INCLUDES
Myth and materiality in a womans world: Shetland 18002000
Lynn Abrams
Destined for a life of service: Defining AfricanJamaican womanhood, 18651938
Henrice Altink
Love, intimacy and power: Marital relationships in Scotland, 16501850
Katie Barclay
Artisans of the body in early modern Italy: identities, families and masculinities
Sandra Cavallo
Modern motherhood: women and family in England, c. 19452000
Angela Davis
Jewish women in Europe in the Middle Ages: a quiet revolution
Simha Goldin
The military leadership of Matilda of Canossa, 10461115
David J. Hay
The shadow of marriage: singleness in England, 191460
Katherine Holden
Women, travel and identity: Journeys by rail and sea, 18701940
Emma RobinsonTomsett
Infidel feminism: Secularism, religion and womens emancipation, England 18301914
Laura Schwartz
The feminine public sphere: middleclass women and civic life in Scotland, c.18701914
Megan Smitley
Being boys: workingclass masculinities and leisure
Melanie Tebbutt
MODERN WOMEN ON TRIAL
SEXUAL TRANSGRESSION IN THE AGE
OF THE FLAPPER
Lucy Bland
Copyright Lucy Bland 2013
The right of Lucy Bland to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN 978 0 7190 8263 4 hardback
ISBN 978 0 7190 8264 1 paperback
First published 2013
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Edited and typeset
by Frances Hackeson Freelance Publishing Services, Brinscall, Lancs
Printed in Great Britain
by Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow
For my daughter Rosana,
and in memory of my father Tony Bland (192389)
Acknowledgements
This book has taken a number of years to write, competing with demands of motherhood and academic teaching. During this period I have been greatly supported by the interest and encouragement of colleagues/friends at London Metropolitan University (formerly University of North London): Helen Crowley and Irene Gedalof in Womens Studies; Kathy Castle, Kathy Lerman, Paul McGilchrist, Jonathan Moore and Katharina Rowold in History; and Anne Karpt, Megan Stern, Lyn Thomas and Wendy Wheeler. I was also supported intellectually by wonderful colleagues on Feminist Review.
Thanks also to the librarians and archivists at the British Newspaper Library, British Library, National Archives, Parliamentary Library, Wellcome Library, Theatre Museum London, British Film Institute Library and The Womens Library for their invariable helpfulness. I am grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for awarding me a Research Leave Grant which enabled me to complete the manuscript. Some of the material for have appeared as shorter versions: The Trials and Tribulations of Edith Thompson: The Capital Crime of Sexual Incitement in 1920s England, Journal of British Studies, 43, 3 (July 2008), and Hunnish Scenes and a Virgin Birth: a 1920s Divorce Case of Sexual and Bodily Ignorance, in History Workshop Journal, 73 (Spring 2012).
Many friends, family members and colleagues have read various versions of my chapters or discussed issues raised in this book; they have given thoughtful commentary, advice and invaluable feedback. Thanks to Sally Alexander, Judith Allen, Susie Balfour, Charlotte Brunsdon, Carolyn Burdett, John Carter Wood, Anna Clark, Ruth Cohen (who helped with the index), Helen Crowley, Joanna de Groot, Irene Gedalof, Judy Greenway, Lesley Hall, Matt Houlbrook, Angus McLaren, Angela McRobbie, Maggie Millman, Frank Mort, Mica Nava, Dave Phillips, Sheila Rowbotham, Richard Smith, Stephen Tifft. Close family friend and writer Micky Burn (19122010) read two chapters in an earlier form; although only ten years old at the time, he vividly recalled the Fahmy trial, such was his extraordinary memory. Thanks to Gail Chester for generously sharing information about Rose Allatini (although in the end, for lack of space, I have not included the 1918 trial of Allatinis book