Mark Anestis - 5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology Flashcards

AP Biology FLASHCARDS

Mark Anestis

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McGraw-Hills 5 Steps to a 5: AP Biology Flashcards is designed to provide a portable way for you to build your knowledge of biology in preparation for the AP exam. It contain 600 terms and their definitions that coincide with the chapter chronology in 5 Steps to a 5: AP Biology.

If you need to find the location of a term, refer to the .

Compounds that contain carbon and usually hydrogen

Examples: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Compounds that, for the most part, do not contain carbon

Exceptions: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and others

Makes a compound hydrophilic and polar

Examples: aldehyde (C = O group is at end of chain) and ketone (C = O group is anywhere but at end of chain)

A carbonyl group with an -OH at the end

Found in amino acids

Compounds containing carboxyl groups are known as carboxylic acids

Is present in compounds known as alcohols

The structure is R-OH

Makes a compound polar and hydrophilic

Serves as a cellular energy source (ADP, ATP, and GDP)

Is acidic

R-O-PO3

An organic compound used by cells as long-term energy stores or building blocks

Is hydrophobic and insoluble in water

Most important lipids: fats, oils, steroids, phospholipids

Are made by combining glycerol and three fatty acids

More effective means of storing energy than carbohydrates

Two main types: saturated and unsaturated

Contains no double bonds (animal fat)

Associated with heart disease and atherosclerosis

Contains one or more double bonds (plant fat)

A lipid composed of four carbon rings that look like chicken-wire fencing in pictorial representations

Examples: cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

A lipid formed by combining a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Has a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head

Is the major component of cell membranes

Simplest carbohydrate

Monosaccharides with 5 carbons are used in RNA and ATP

Example: glucose

A sugar consisting of two monosaccharides bound together

Examples: sucrose, maltose, and lactose

A carbohydrate containing 3 or more monosaccharides linked together

Examples: starch (storage in plants), glycogen (storage in animals), cellulose (used by plants for cell wall formation), and chitin (part of exoskeletons of arthropods)