Ali Haydar Mithat - The life of Midhat Pasha; a record of his services, political reforms, banishment, and judicial murder

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THE LIFE OF MIDHAT PASHA

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From a Photograph.

The Typographic Etching Co. Ph. Sc.

Midhat Pasha.

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THE LIFE OF
MIDHAT PASHA

A RECORD OF HIS SERVICES,
POLITICAL REFORMS, BANISHMENT,
AND JUDICIAL MURDER

DERIVED FROM PRIVATE DOCUMENTS AND
REMINISCENCES
BY HIS SON ALI HAYDAR MIDHAT BEY
WITH PORTRAITS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W.
1903

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PREFACE

As the Son of Midhat Pasha I was for fifteen years compelled to reside as an exile in Smyrna, but finding the physical and moral sufferings to which I was there subjected greater than I could endure, I succeeded in quitting the territories of the Sultan, and came to take up my residence in this hospitable land, and among this great and free people.

In the following pages I have endeavoured to carry out a duty which has long been incumbent on me, by letting the public, and especially the English public, know the true story of my fathers career, and of his death.

The record is based mainly on documents and notes left by him. In obedience to requests from high quarters I abstain from publishing certain documents and correspondence which, bearing as they do on International affairs, might be calculated to cause embarrassment and do harm.

It is possible that some of my fathers papers which I have now printed, and which were written in Turkish, may have lost some of their original brightness in the process of translation, but at least, most scrupulous care has been taken to give the sense of them accurately.

There can be no doubt that at the present time Turkey is suffering from a Reign of Terror, and is in a state of anarchy. I hope that the narrative contained in these pages may afford some evidence of the methods by which this condition of affairs has been produced.

My readers will learn how the Sovereign of the Ottoman Empire, in order to carry out his own system of Government, has suppressed every effort for reform, and has removed those men, who by their force of character, by their uprightness, and by their popularity, seemed capable of thwarting his designs, and amending the condition of the country and of the people.

I wish to state here that I have a profound respect for the Imperial Throne, and it is this consideration alone, I repeat it, and the honour of my country, which makes me regard it as a duty to humanity to expose the nefarious system of Sultan Abdul Hamid.

In conclusion, I would beg to offer my thanks to the Proprietors of the Times newspaper for giving me permission to reprint the excellent report of my fathers trial which appeared in their columns.

ALI HAYDAR MIDHAT.

Eastbourne , August 6, 1903.

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CONTENTS

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CHAPTER I
EARLY HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Page
Christians in TurkeyTurkish treatment of Subject RacesCorruptions of the Ottoman SystemPersistent policy of RussiaPanslavic CommitteesThe Palace and the PorteGrowth of AutocracyThe JanissariesRevolt of Mehemet AliReforms of Abdul MedjidThe Czar NicholasOrigins of the Crimean WarThe Crimean WarAttitude of FranceAttitude of Austria	31
CHAPTER II
MIDHATS EARLY YEARS
Midhat in the Balkan ProvincesGovernorship of Nish, etc.Widdin and SilistriaMidhats Success in Danube ProvincesIntrigues of General IgnatieffInsurrection stirred upOrganisation of local MilitiaAppointed Vali of BagdadFighting and ReformsFinance and Engineering WorkBussoraKoweit, the NedjedThe Conquest of NedjedDefeat of Abdul KerimAali PashaExtravagance of Abdul AzizMidhat as Grand Vizier	66
CHAPTER III
DEPOSITION AND DEATH OF ABDUL AZIZ
Troubles in HerzegovinaRiots at SalonicaOutbreak in BulgariaMeeting at ReichstadtThe Andrassy MemorandumThe Sultan opposes ReformDeposition of Abdul AzizPreparations for the Coup dtatSultan MuradDeath of Abdul AzizBreakdown of Sultan MuradDamad Mahmouds ConspiracyPrince HamidDeposition of Murad	99
CHAPTER IV
ABDUL HAMID SULTAN
Abdul Hamid II.The Imperial HouseholdThe Speech from the ThroneNominal ReformsMidhats DifficultiesNominal and Real ReformsThe New ConstitutionSovereign Rights	115
CHAPTER V
SECOND GRAND VIZIERATE OF MIDHAT PASHA
Opposition IntriguesMidhats ConstitutionIntrigues against MidhatZia BeyThe PressPromulgation of the ConstitutionRescript of Abdul HamidFavourable Reception of the Constitution	131
CHAPTER VI
THE CONFERENCE AND MIDHATS EXILE
Conference at ConstantinopleGeneral Ignatieffs ConductThe New Constitution and the PowersGalib Pasha and the FinancesMixed SchoolsProtest of MidhatMidhat ExiledThe Sultans PrecautionsPrince Gortchakoff and General IgnatieffRussian DeclarationPrince Gortchakoffs Circular	154
CHAPTER VII
MIDHAT PASHA IN EUROPE
The Sultans SpeechRussia Declares WarMidhat in NaplesMidhats Efforts for PeaceMidhats Recall by the SultanMidhat and Kiamil Bey	171
CHAPTER VIII
THE RETURN OF MIDHAT PASHA TO TURKEY
Midhat in CreteAppointed Governor of Syria	175
CHAPTER IX
MIDHAT PASHA, GOVERNORGENERAL OF SYRIA
The Sultan Opposes ReformsCause of Midhats ResignationCondition of SyriaThe Druses and the ArabsThe Turbulent DrusesTroops to be sentThe DrusesResignation of MidhatThe Palace and Judicial ReformsMidhat and Syria	195
CHAPTER X
MIDHAT, GOVERNORGENERAL OF SMYRNA
Abdul Aziz DeathThe Terdjumani HakikatAttack on MidhatAttitude of the French ConsulMidhats Arrest	206
CHAPTER XI
THE TRIAL OF MIDHAT PASHA
Mustapha the WrestlerThe Case for the DefenceMidhats DefenceA Parody of JusticeThe Public ProsecutorBefore the Court of AppealGrand CouncilThe British ParliamentQuestions in ParliamentMr MCoanMr GladstoneLord Stratheden and CampbellEnglands Intervention	233
CHAPTER XII
EXILE OF MIDHAT PASHA
Midhat in PrisonAttempt to Poison MidhatArrest of Shereef Abdul MutalibHaroullah Effendi	241
CHAPTER XIII
DETAILS OF THE ASSASSINATION OF MIDHAT PASHA, ACCORDING TO INFORMATION DERIVED FROM HAROULLAH EFFENDI
Return of BekirMidhat and BekirTampering with FoodAttempts to PoisonPreparations for the MurderThe Murder	256
APPENDIX A
THE NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE BERLIN NOTE AND THE CONFERENCE OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Negotiations following the Berlin NoteThe Conference at ReichstadtServian Diplomacy and DefeatEngland Proposes TermsAn Ultimatum to the PorteDisagreement among the Powers	270
APPENDIX B
THE INSURRECTION OF HERZEGOVINA AND BOSNIA AND THE BERLIN NOTE
Herzegovina and BosniaLord Derby and AustriaIntentional Bad FaithAustrian DiplomacyThe Berlin NoteAustria and RussiaMr Monsons Despatch	284
APPENDIX C
BULGARIAN ATROCITIES

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