Queer Representation, Visibility, and Race in American Film and Television
This book traces the uneven history of queer media visibility through crucial turning points including the Hollywood Production Code era, the AIDS crisis of the 1980s, the so-called explosion of gay visibility on television during the 1990s, and the re-imagination of queer representations on TV after the events of 9/11. My book intervenes in previous academic and popular accounts that paint the increase in queer visibility over the past four decades as a largely progressive development. I examine how and why a limited and limiting concept of queer visibility structured around white gay and lesbian characters in committed relationships has become the embodiment of progressive LGBT media representations. I investigate queer visibility across film, TV, and print media, and highlight previously unexplored connections, such as the lingering traces of classical Hollywood cinemas queer tropes in the X-Men franchise. Across all chapters, narratives and arguments emerge that demonstrate how queer visibility shapes and reflects not only media representations, but the real and imagined geographies, histories, and people of the American nation.
Melanie E.S. Kohnen is Visiting Assistant Professor at New York University, USA. Her research focuses on the contemporary media industry and cultural diversity. Her previous work has appeared in Journal of Popular Television, Creative Industries, and the essay collections Teen Television and Future Texts: Subversive Performance and Feminist Bodies.
Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies
For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com.
6 The Nationwide Television Studies
David Morley and Charlotte Bronsdon
7 The New Communications Landscape
Demystifying Media Globalization
Edited by Georgette Wang, Jan Servaes, and Anura Goonasekera
8 Media and Migration
Constructions of Mobility and Difference
Edited by Russell King and Nancy Wood
9 Media Reform
Democratizing the Media, Democratizing the State
Edited by Monroe E. Price, Beata Rozumilowicz, and Stefaan G. Verhulst
10 Political Communication in a New Era
Edited by Gadi Wolfsfeld and Philippe Maarek
11 Writers Houses and the Making of Memory
Edited by Harald Hendrix
12 Autism and Representation
Edited by Mark Osteen
13 American Icons
The Genesis of a National Visual Language
Benedikt Feldges
14 The Practice of Public Art
Edited by Cameron Cartiere and Shelly Willis
15 Film and Television after DVD
Edited by James Bennett and Tom Brown
16 The Places and Spaces of Fashion, 18002007
Edited by John Potvin
17 Communicating in the Third Space
Edited by Karin Ikas and Gerhard Wagner
18 Deconstruction after 9/11
Martin McQuillan
19 The Contemporary Comic Book Superhero
Edited by Angela Ndalianis
20 Mobile Technologies
From Telecommunications to Media
Edited by Gerard Goggin & Larissa Hjorth
21 Dynamics and Performativity of Imagination
The Image between the Visible and the Invisible
Edited by Bernd Huppauf and Christoph Wulf
22 Cities, Citizens, and Technologies
Urban Life and Postmodernity
Paula Geyh
23 Trauma and Media
Theories, Histories, and Images
Allen Meek
24 Letters, Postcards, Email
Technologies of Presence
Esther Milne
25 International Journalism and Democracy
Civic Engagement Models from around the World
Edited by Angela Romano
26 Aesthetic Practices and Politics in Media, Music, and Art
Performing Migration
Edited by Roco G. Davis, Dorothea Fischer-Hornung, and Johanna C. Kardux
27 Violence, Visual Culture, and the Black Male Body
Cassandra Jackson
28 Cognitive Poetics and Cultural Memory
Russian Literary Mnemonics
Mikhail Gronas
29 Landscapes of Holocaust Postmemory
Brett Ashley Kaplan
30 Emotion, Genre, and Justice in Film and Television
E. Deidre Pribram
31 Audiobooks, Literature, and Sound Studies
Matthew Rubery
32 The Adaptation Industry
The Cultural Economy of Literary Adaptation
Simone Murray
33 Branding Post-Communist Nations
Marketizing National Identities in the New Europe
Edited by Nadia Kaneva
34 Science Fiction Film, Television, and Adaptation
Across the Screens
Edited by J. P. Telotte and Gerald Duchovnay
35 Art Platforms and Cultural Production on the Internet
Olga Goriunova
36 Queer Representation, Visibility, and Race in American Film and Television
Screening the Closet
Melanie E.S. Kohnen
First published 2016
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Simultaneously published in the UK
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2016 Taylor & Francis
The right of Melanie E.S. Kohnen to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kohnen, Melanie E. S.
Queer representation, visibility, and race in American film and television: screening the closet / by Melanie E. S. Kohnen.
pages cm. (Routledge research in cultural and media studies; 36)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Sexual minorities in mass media. 2. Sexual minorities in motion pictures. 3. Sexual minorities on television. 4. Mass mediaSocial aspectsUnited States. 5. Motion picturesSocial aspectsUnited States. 6. Television programsSocial aspectsUnited States. I. Title.
P96.S58K64 2015
306.76'6dc23 2015024360
ISBN: 978-0-415-89414-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-15270-6 (ebk)
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