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Christopher Norris - Minding the Gap : Epistemology and Philosophy of Science in the Two Traditions

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In this sweeping volume, Christopher Norris challenges the view that there is no room for productive engagement between mainstream analytic philosophers and thinkers in the post-Kantian continental line of descent. On the contrary, he argues, this view is simply the product of a limiting perspective that accompanied the rise of logical positivism. Norris reveals the various shared concerns that have often been obscured by parochial interests or the desire to stake out separate philosophical territory. He examines the problems that emerged within the analytic tradition as a result of its turn against Husserlian phenomenology and its outright rejection of what came to be seen as a merely psycho-logistic approach to issues of meaning, knowledge, and truth. Norris shows how these problems have resurfaced in various forms from the heyday of logical empiricism to the present. He provides critical readings of such philosophers as Willard Quine, Thomas Kuhn, Donald Davidson, Hilary Putnam, Richard Rorty, Michael Dummett, Thomas Nagel, and John McDowell. He also offers a running discussion of Wittgensteins influence and its harmful effect in promoting a placidly consensus-based theory of knowledge. On the continental side, Norris argues for a reassessment of Husserls phenomenological project and its potential contribution to present day Anglo-American debates in epistemology and philosophy of science. He discusses Bachelard, Canguilhem, and the French tradition of rationalisme appliqu? as an alternative to Kuhnian conceptions of scientific paradigm change. This leads him to suggest a non-Wittgensteinian way around the problems that have dogged more traditional theories of knowledge and truth. In two chapters on the work of Jacques Derrida, Norris explores the supplementary logic of deconstruction and compares it with other recent proposals for a nonstandard logic. Here again he stresses the community of interests between the two philosophical cultures and the extent to which continental thinking has engaged certain issues with a rigor largely ignored by Anglophone writers. By bringing a fresh perspective to questions that have often been considered the exclusive preserve of analytic philosophy, Norris offers an overview of current debates that is at once refreshingly open-minded and sure of its own argumentative bearings.

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title Minding the Gap Epistemology and Philosophy of Science in the Two - photo 1

title:Minding the Gap : Epistemology and Philosophy of Science in the Two Traditions
author:Norris, Christopher.
publisher:University of Massachusetts Press
isbn10 | asin:1558492550
print isbn13:9781558492554
ebook isbn13:9780585339986
language:English
subjectScience--Philosophy, Knowledge, Theory of.
publication date:2000
lcc:Q175.N595 2000eb
ddc:501
subject:Science--Philosophy, Knowledge, Theory of.
Page iii
Minding the Gap
Epistemology & Philosophy of Science in the Two Traditions
Christopher Norris
Page iv Copyright 2000 by The University of Massachusetts Press All rights - photo 2
Page iv
Copyright 2000 by
The University of Massachusetts Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
LC 99-086484
ISBN 1-55849-255-0
Designed by Jack Harrison
Set in Adobe Garamond by Graphic Composition, Inc.
Printed and bound by Sheridan Books
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Norris, Christopher.
Minding the gap : epistemology and philosophy of science in the two traditions /
Christopher Norris
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-55849-255-0 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. SciencePhilosophy. 2. Knowledge, Theory of. I. Title.
Q175 .N595 2000
501dc21
99-086484
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data are available.
Page v
For Clare and Jenny
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
Introduction: Epistemology and Philosophy of Science in the Two Traditions
1
1
Theory Change and the Logic of Enquiry: New Bearings in Philosophy of Science
32
2
Treading Water in Neurath's Ship: Quine, Davidson, Rorty
66
3
Structure and Genesis in Scientific Theory: Husserl, Bachelard, Derrida
100
4
Supplementarity and Deviant Logics: Derrida contra Quine
125
5
Excluded Middles: Quantum Theory and the Logic of Deconstruction
148
6
McDowell on Kant: Redrawing the Bounds of Sense
172
7
The Limits of Naturalism: Further Thoughts on McDowell's Mind and World
197
8
Not Quite the Last Word: Nagel, Wittgenstein, and the Limits of Scepticism
231
Notes
261
Index
293

Page ix
Preface
My main purpose in writing this book has been to provide a critical-comparative review of recent developments in epistemology and philosophy of science. It is unusual in devoting equal attention to work on both sides of the notional rift between 'continental' (i.e., post-Kantian mainland-European) movements of thought and 'analytic' approaches in the line of descent from Frege and Russell. I challenge this conventional view by remarking the numerous points of convergenceas well as the salient differences of emphasiswhich have often been ignored by more partisan commentators. Thus the two central projects of Husserlian phenomenology and Fregean philosophy of logic and language can be seen as jointly addressing a range of issues about truth, knowledge, and representation that cut across the standard disciplinary divide. (See especially my introduction and chapters 1 and 3.) Their different approaches are deeply bound up with the distinctive self-image of each tradition yet offer the prospect of a critical dialogue that would serve to extend and to deepen their powers of self-reflective conceptual grasp.
This dialogue is pursued more specifically in chapters on Frege and Husserl; on Bachelard, Canguilhem, and the French legacy of epistemo-critical thinking or rationalisme appliqu; on 'postanalytic' developments in the wake of logical empiricism (Quine, Kuhn, Davidson, and Rorty); on the issue between descriptivist and causal theories of reference as discussed by philosophers such as Kripke, Putnam, Donnellan, and Evans; and on Derrida's early readings of Husserl where he raises questions that should be of interest to philosophers working in the 'other' (mainly Anglo-American) tradition of thought. These topics come together in the book's extended treatment of recent episodes in the history of debate between realist and antirealist philosophies of science. Here I argue that the widespread drift toward forms of antirealismalong with cultural-relativist doctrines like that advanced by the 'strong' programme in sociology of knowledgemay in part be explained as a response to the prolonged (post-1900) 'crisis' in theoretical physics, itself brought about by conceptual problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Hence (chapter 2) the appeal of certain Quinean/Kuhnian ideas
Page x
ontological relativity, paradigm change, radical meaning-variance, the under-determination of theories by evidence, and the theory-laden character of observation-statementsreflecting as they do a more general sense of the limits imposed on our knowledge of reality by factors intrinsic to the quantum-physical domain. However, it is a strange inversion of rational priorities that would claim to derive such radical consequences from a theory so rife with unresolved puzzles and paradoxes.
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