Leonard Nelson - Pediatric Ophthalmology

EDITOR

Leonard B. Nelson, MD, MBA

Director, Strabismus Center

Co-Director, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics

Wills Eye Hospital

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics

Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

SECTION EDITORS

Michael J. Bartiss, OD, MD

Caroline DeBenedictis, MD

Kammi B. Gunton, MD

Judith B. Lavrich, MD

Kara C. LaMattina, MD

Alex V. Levin, MD, MHSc, FRCSC

Scott E. Olitsky, MD

Bruce M. Schnall, MD

Aldo Vagge, MD, PhD student

Barry N. Wasserman, MD

SERIES EDITOR

Christopher J. Rapuano, MD

Director and Attending Surgeon, Cornea Service

Co-Director, Refractive Surgery Department

Wills Eye Hospital

Professor of Ophthalmology

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Wills Eye Hospital

COLOR ATLAS & SYNOPSIS OF

Clinical Ophthalmology

Pediatric
Ophthalmology

SECOND EDITION

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Second Edition

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Printed in China

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN-13: 978-1-4963-6307-7

ISBN-10: 1-4963-6304-3

Cataloging-in-Publication data available on request from the Publisher.

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LWW.com

To my wife, Helene, for her understanding, patience, and support.

To my children, Jen, Kim, and Brad, who have taught me what is important in life.

To my sons-in-law, Josh and Justin, and daughter-in-law, Julie, who all embody the meaning of family.

To my grandsons, Jake, Ryan, Brandon, Joey, and Jordan, and granddaughters, Lily and Chloe, who never cease to amaze me.

And to the memory of several individuals who passed away recently and who had a profound effect on my personal and professional life:

Dean Henry S. Coleman, whose extraordinary guidance through my college years at Columbia University fine-tuned my future goals.

A. Stone Freedberg, MD, who was instrumental in my matriculating and succeeding as a medical student at Harvard Medical School.

Marshall M. Parks, MD, who taught me pediatric ophthalmology and whose skills in all aspects of the subspecialty I have always tried to emulate.

SERIES EDITOR

Christopher J. Rapuano, MD

Director and Attending Surgeon

Cornea Service

Co-Director

Refractive Surgery Department

Wills Eye Hospital

Professor of Ophthalmology

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

EDITOR

Leonard B. Nelson, MD, MBA

Director, Strabismus Center

Co-Director, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics

Wills Eye Hospital

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics

Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

SECTION EDITORS

Michael J. Bartiss, OD, MD

Private Practice

Family Eye Care of the Carolinas

Aberdeen, North Carolina

Director of NICU Eye Services

FirstHealth of the Carolinas

Pinehurst, North Carolina

Caroline DeBenedictis, MD

Attending

Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology

Wills Eye Hospital

Clinical Instructor

Department of Ophthalmology

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Kammi B. Gunton, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology

Wills Eye Hospital

Associate Professor

Department of Ophthalmology

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Kara C. LaMattina, MD