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by James K. Lowers, Ph.D. Department of English University of Hawaii
including Date of Composition The Texts The Source An Introduction to Interpretations Summaries and Commentaries Review Questions Selected Bibliography
INCORPORATED LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 68501.
Page 2
Editor Gary Carey, M.A. University of Colorado
Consulting Editor James L. Roberts, Ph.D. Department of English University of Nebraska
ISBN 0-8220-0018-0 Copyright 1971 by Cliffs Notes, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.
1999 Printing
The Cliffs Notes logo, the names "Cliffs" and "Cliffs Notes," and the black and yellow diagonal-stripe cover design are all registered trademarks belonging to Cliffs Notes, Inc., and may not be used in whole or in part without written permission.
Cliffs Notes, Inc. Lincoln, Nebraska
Page 3
Contents
Date of Composition
5
The Texts
5
The Source
6
The Play: An Introduction to Interpretations
Hamlet, the Victim of External Difficulties
9
Hamlet, the Sentimental Dreamer
9
Hamlet, the Victim of Excessive Melancholy
10
Hamlet, the Victim of the Oedipus Complex
11
Hamlet, Motivated by Ambition
11
Hamlet, Misled by the Ghost
12
List of Characters
13
Summaries and Commentaries
Act I
15
Act II
32
Act III
46
Act IV
72
Act V
88
Review Questions
105
Selected Bibliography
106
Page 5
Date of Composition
An entry in the Stationers' Register (in which were recorded works authorized for publication in accordance with the royal charter granted to printers) under the date July 26, 1602, reads: "A booke called the Revenge of Hamlett Prince Denmarke as yt was latelie Acted by the Lord Chamberleyne his servantes." Although some scholars are content to accept the year 1602 as the date of composition, the consensus is that it had been composed earlier. A few would push the date back to 1598, since Gabriel Harvey, one of Shakespeare's contemporaries, made reference to Hamlet in a note which he wrote in his copy of Speght's Chaucer (1598). Certainly Shakespeare's play could not have been known before that year because it is not included among the plays listed by Francis Meres in Palladis Tamia, which also was published in 1598. But it does not necessarily follow that Harvey wrote his interesting note in the year in which Speght's Chaucer was published. Most students of Shakespeare accept late 1600 or early 1601 as the date of publication.
By the year 1601, Shakespeare had written no less than ten comedies, nine chronicle histories, and three tragedies other than Hamlet. But it is The Tragedy of Hamlet which marks the beginning of the playwright's great period of composition. Hamlet itself belongs with Othello (1604), King Lear (1605/6), and
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