More praise for The TELEPHONE GAMBIT
How often does a detective story upend history?A page turnerread[s] more like the stuff of thrillers than of the history of science.
Marjorie Kehe, Christian Science Monitor
Itll be stacked in the science shelves, but The Telephone Gambit might be an early contender for best thriller of the year.
Barbara Spindel, Barnes & Noble Review
Fraught with controversy, conspiracy, and possible chicanery, Shulman spins real-life Da Vinci Code drama around one of the most influential inventions of the modern era.
Amazon.com (Editors Pick of the Month)
A dramatic probe into a shocking intellectual theftthe skillful, polished writing makes century-old events spring to life.
Publishers Weekly , starred review
Shulmans book rewards us with a fresh take on old lore, and spurs us to consider what historys losers might add to the storysuch as how they got to be losers in the first place.
Jane H. Furse, New York Daily News
Shulman deftly explains the intricacies of electrical currents in user-friendly prose. [He] proves beyond a reasonable doubt that Bells employment of a liquid transmitter had to be both a blatant appropriation of Grays idea and an 11th-hour addition to Bells own patent application.
Mark Coleman, Los Angeles Times
History is often a collection of agreed-upon myths. The historians role is to ask tough questions and doggedly follow the evidence. Seth Shulman provides a stellar example of historical investigation at its probing bestchalleng[ing] one of the greatest eureka moments of scientific history.
Chuck Leddy, Boston Globe
An impressive aspect of Shulmans sleuthing is his measured assessment of facts. [ The Telephone Gambit ] rewrites history even as it immediately lures readers with scandal and iconoclasm.
Gilbert Taylor, Booklist , starred review
Following a trail of clues discovered in Alexander Graham Bells journals, Seth Shulmans The Telephone Gambit masterfully breathes life into a long-forgotten controversy.
Jeff Lebrecque, Entertainment Weekly (Rated A)
Part muckraking journalism, part detective story, and part science lesson, The Telephone Gambit is an engaging romp through the scientific world of the late 19th century with a cast of characters worthy of Dickens. Shulman does his fascinating best to right a very old wrong.
VeryShortList.com
A powerful and personal story of historical sleuthing and discovery that you wont be able to put down. Seth Shulman has single-handedly rewritten the history of the telephone, one of the most important inventions of modern times.
Robert Buderi, author of The Invention That Changed the World and founder of Xconomy.com
Shulmanbrings [to the book] some tantalizing bits of fresh evidence and his considerable talent for writing engaging prose.
David L. Morton, Jr., Science
[A] great tale of historic detection.
Jeff Hecht, NewScientist
[This] smoothly written, impeccably researched booktraces a tangled tale of theft and fraud as Bell and his well-connected lawyers obtain and defend the most lucrative patent ever issued.
Phillip Manning, Cleveland Plain Dealer
Shulman combines deft sleuthing and a nose for a good story with lively, compact prose. The Telephone Gambit is a necessary addendum to textbook history.
Bookmarks Magazine
Shulman brings a journalists storytelling skills and a historians persistence to this account. With humor and intelligence, [he] helps us understand how myth overtakes historical events. This title is ideal for history undergraduates learning scholarly methods; general readers will enjoy it for its engrossing descriptions of historical detective work.
Michael Dashkin, Library Journal
In Seth Shulmans The Telephone Gambit, readers will find a story of intrigue worthy of James Patterson. Shulman crosses the globe teasing apart layers of assumptions and historyincluding possible coercion, lies, deceit and long court battlesto find out exactly what happened with what has been called the most lucrative patent in history.
Cindy Kibbe, New Hampshire Business Review
[A] tale of intrigue and deceptionBalzac said that behind every great fortune lies a great crime. Whether this is the case with the telephone, as Shulmans detective work seems to suggest, the reader can judge.
Saswato R. Das, Times Literary Supplement
Examines a historical event with the suspenseful gush of a detective novel and the intellectual clarity of academic scholarship.
Chelsea Bauch, Boldtype.com
[A] fascinating tale of what could be the greatest intellectual property theft in history.
Mark Roth, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
ALSO BY SETH SHULMAN
Undermining Science
Unlocking the Sky
Owning the Future
The Threat at Home
The TELEPHONE GAMBIT
Chasing Alexander Graham Bells Secret
Seth Shulman
W. W. NORTON & COMPANY
New York London
To my father,
with love and gratitude
Copyright 2008 by Seth Shulman
All rights reserved
For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shulman, Seth.
The telephone gambit : chasing Alexander Graham Bell's secret / Seth Shulman.1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Bell, Alexander Graham, 18471922. 2. Gray, Elisha, 18351901.
3. TelephoneHistory. 4. TelephonePatents. 5. InventorsUnited StatesBiography.
I. Title. II. Title: Alexander Graham Bell's secret.
TK6018.B4S58 2008
621.38509dc22
2007030904
ISBN: 978-0-393-33368-8
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110
www.wwnorton.com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.
Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT
CONTENTS
The TELEPHONE GAMBIT
M R . W ATSON Come here
Thomas Watson hunched over the bureau in Alexander Graham Bells attic bedroom at the modest boardinghouse at 5 Exeter Place in Boston. Watsons ear pressed tightly against the metal frame of the small speaking telegraph receiver. His head faced the window. Outside, the city had grown dark and a full moon rose in the chill evening air.
The booming voice was unmistakable, even in a tinny, ghostlike facsimile. Watson reeled in amazement when he heard it. Jumping back, he swung open the bedroom door and ran into the hallway.
In the adjacent room, Bell was leaning over his workbench and shouting into the mouth of a metal cone clamped onto a block of wood. At the bottom of the cone, a piece of parchment was stretched tightly, like an upside-down drum. A platinum needle, stuck into a cork, was glued to the far side of the parchment from Bells mouth. Its point dipped down into a small cup below that held a dilute solution of sulfuric acid.
When Bell yelled into the device, his bellowing voice vibrated the parchment diaphragm, slightly raising and lowering the needle into the solution and moving its tip alternately closer and further from a separate metal contact immersed in the cup. By attaching the top of the needle to a battery, Bell had created an electrical circuit that was completed only through the acidic water. The acid conducted electricity, but imperfectly. As a result, the vibration of the needle caused by the sound waves from Bells voice correspondingly varied the resistanceor strength of the currentin the circuit. The machine looked something like this: