Peter Ryan - Environmental and Low-Temperature Geochemistry

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11

Second Edition

Peter Ryan

Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA, 05753

This second edition first published 2020

2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition history

Wiley Blackwell Ltd (1e, 2014)

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Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Names: Ryan, Peter Crowley, 1966- author.

Title: Environmental and lowtemperature geochemistry / Peter Ryan

(Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA).

Description: 2nd edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. | Includes

index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2019016029 (print) | LCCN 2019018347 (ebook) | ISBN

9781119568629 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119568612 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119568582

(pbk.)

Subjects: LCSH: Environmental geochemistry--Textbooks. |

Geochemistry--Textbooks.

Classification: LCC QE516.4 (ebook) | LCC QE516.4 .R93 2019 (print) | DDC

551.9--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019016029

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: Peter Ryan

The title Environmental and LowTemperature Geochemistry seeks to encompass the scope of this text, from topics commonly covered in traditional geologybased geochemistry texts as well as those in environmental chemistry and aqueous geochemistry texts. The lowtemperature part indicates a focus on Earth surface systems (< 50C for most topics covered) rather than metamorphic or igneous environments, although information from these highertemperature systems is also considered in some sections. The target audience is upperlevel undergraduates and graduate students, as well as professionals in geology and environmental science. The goal is to explain basic concepts from biogeochemistry and geology as they apply to understanding and predicting behavior of natural and anthropogenic constituents in systems at and near the surface of the Earth. The importance of the geological record of environmental change informs our understanding of the natural environment and improves our ability to predict system behavior, so sediment (and glacier) records of paleoclimate and environmental change are presented and examined. Increasing knowledge of the role of organisms from microbes to macroscale plants in inorganic and organic geochemistry is reflected in examples of biomineralization, microbial mediation of reactions, influence of root exudates, and more.

The scope ranges from the atmosphere and oceans to streams, lakes, groundwater, soils, sediments, and shallow crust. It also spans global and regionalscale systems to pore spaces and nanoparticles. Understanding complex environmental systems requires factual, conceptual, and quantitative skills, so this book attempts to provide the background needed to objectively assess problems and questions through the lens of geochemistry. Inspiration for different sections comes from many excellent geochemistry and environmental chemistry texts, particularly those of Berner and Berner, Drever, Eby, Faure, Langmuir, Moore and Reynolds, Spiro and Stigliani, and Walther. The wellworn copies on my bookshelf attest to their influence on my understanding of geochemistry and how to write a universitylevel textbook that also can serve as a reference for earth and environmental scientists.

contains an introductory presentation of relevant principles from organic chemistry then focuses on structure, composition, environmental behavior, consequences, and remediation of organic contaminants.

(carbonates and the C cycle) and 6 (N, P, and S cycles), with a systems approach that conceptually and quantitatively examines reservoirs, fluxes, and processes, from inorganic to microbially affected.

, including oxygen chemistry and the role of free radicals, reactions involved in the formation and destruction of pollutants, the photochemical smog cycle, and origin and deposition of acid rain.

explores various topics, including: quantifying element mobility and how to apply it to paleoclimate analysis; thermodynamics and construction of mineral stability diagrams (and the utility of them); the geochemistry of the soil forming factors, soil profiles, and soil orders; how soils influence ecosystem response to acid rain; plant nutrients; toxic metals and metalloids; saline soils; and organic contaminants in soils.

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Throughout the second edition of