HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
SHELLEY E. TAYLOR University of California, Los Angeles
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, TENTH EDITION
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ISBN 978-1-259-87047-7MHID 1-259-87047-2
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Names: Taylor, Shelley E., author.Title: Health psychology / Shelley Taylor, University of California, Los Angeles.Description: Tenth edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2018] |Includes bibliographical references and indexes.Identifiers: LCCN 2016044904| ISBN 9781259870477 | ISBN 1259870472Subjects: LCSH: Clinical health psychology. | Medicine, Psychosomatic. | BISAC:PSYCHOLOGY / General.Classification: LCC R726.7 .T39 2017 | DDC 616.08dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044904
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
SHELLEY E. TAYLOR is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles. She received her Ph.D. in social psychol-ogy from Yale University. After a visiting professorship at Yale and assistant andassociate professorships at Harvard University, she joined the faculty of UCLA.Her research interests concern the psychological and social factors that promoteor compromise mental and physical health across the life span. Professor Tayloris the recipient of a number of awardsmost notably, the American PsychologicalAssociations Distinguished Scientific Contribution to Psychology Award, a10-year Research Scientist Development Award from the National Institute ofMental Health, and an Outstanding Scientific Contribution Award in Health Psy-chology. She is the author of more than 350 publications in journals and booksand is the author of Social Cognition , Social Psychology , Positive Illusions, and The Tending Instinct . She is a member of the National Academies of Science andthe National Academy of Medicine.
vi
CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
PA R T 1
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 1
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
What Is Health Psychology? 2
Definition of Health Psychology 3
Why Did Health Psychology Develop? 3
The Mind-Body Relationship: A Brief History 4
The Rise of the Biopsychosocial Method 5
Psychosomatic Medicine 5Advantages of the Biopsychosocial Model 5Clinical Implications of the BiopsychosocialModel 6The Biopsychosocial Model: The Case History ofNightmare Deaths 6
The Need for Health Psychology 6
Changing Patterns of Illness 7Advances in Technology and Research 8Expanded Health Care Services 8Increased Medical Acceptance 9
Health Psychology Research 9
The Role of Theory in Research 9Experiments 10Correlational Studies 10Prospective and Retrospective Designs 10The Role of Epidemiology in Health Psychology 11Methodological Tools 11Qualitative Research 12
What Is Health Psychology Training For? 12
The Systems of the Body 14
The Nervous System 15
Overview 15The Brain 15 B O X 2.1 Costs of War to the Brain 17The Role of Neurotransmitters 17Disorders of the Nervous System 17
The Endocrine System 19
Overview 19The Adrenal Glands 19Disorders Involving the Endocrine System 19
The Cardiovascular System 20
Overview 20The Heart 20Disorders of the Cardiovascular System 21Blood Pressure 22The Blood 22
The Respiratory System 23
Overview 23The Structure and Functions of the RespiratorySystem 23Disorders Associated with the Respiratory System 24Dealing with Respiratory Disorders 25
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Contents
The Digestive System and the Metabolism of Food 25
Overview 25The Functioning of the Digestive System 25Disorders of the Digestive System 25
The Renal System 27
Overview 27Disorders of the Renal System 27
The Reproductive System 28
Overview 28The Ovaries and Testes 28Fertilization and Gestation 28Disorders of the Reproductive System 28
PA R T 2
Genetics and Health 29
Overview 29Genetics and Susceptibility to Disorders 29
The Immune System 31
Overview 31Infection 31The Course of Infection 31 B O X 2.2 Portraits of Two Carriers 32Immunity 32Disorders Related to the Immune System 34
HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND PRIMARY PREVENTION 37
CHAPTER
Health Behaviors 38
An Introduction to Health Behaviors 39
Role of Behavioral Factors in Disease andDisorder 39
Health Promotion: An Overview 39
Health Behaviors and Health Habits 39Practicing and Changing Health Behaviors:An Overview 40Barriers to Modifying Poor Health Behaviors 41Intervening with Children and Adolescents 42Intervening with At-Risk People 43Health Promotion and Older Adults 44Ethnic and Gender Differences in Health Risksand Habits 45
Changing Health Habits 45
Attitude Change and Health Behavior 45The Health Belief Model 47The Theory of Planned Behavior 47Criticisms of Attitude Theories 49Self Regulation and Health Behavior 49Self Determination Theory 49Implementation Intentions 49Health Behavior Change and the Brain 50
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to HealthBehavior Change 50
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) 50Self-Monitoring 50Stimulus Control 51The Self-Control of Behavior 51
Classical Conditioning 52Operant Conditioning 53 B O X 3.3 Modeling 54Social Skills and Relaxation Training 54Motivational Interviewing 54Relapse Prevention 55Evaluation of CBT 56