Geoffrey Budworth - The Pocket Guide to Outdoor Knots A Step-By-Step Guide to the Most Important Knots for Fishermen, Boaters, Campers, and Climbers

Copyright 2020 by Geoffrey Budworth

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on file.

Cover design by Tom Lau

Print ISBN: 978-1-5107-5044-9

Ebook ISBN: 978-1-5107-5045-6

Printed in China.

CONTENTS

Figure of eight knot (with draw-loop)

Introduction

It is a pleasurable craft and everyone can learn a few simple basic knots.

(John Hensel The Book of Ornamental Knots, pg 198

A lmost anyone, irrespective of age, gender and ethnic background, can learn to tie knots. Those unable to do so at present have simply not yet discovered that they can. They survive instead by means of adhesive tape, safety pins and superglues, elastic bands, clips and zippers, and other peoples know-how. Which is a pity, because they are missing a lot of fun and satisfaction. Everyone ought to know a few knots. Anyway, there is a limit to how much hard-earned money should be spent on patented devices, which consume scarce planetary resources in their manufacture, when a length of rope or smaller cord and the right combination of knots work at least as welloften better.

In this book, learning one simple knot leads easily, by the addition of an extra turn or tuck, to mastery of more elaborate knots that are based on it, as the various bends, hitches, loops and stopper knots are cleverly grouped together according to appearance or layout and irrespective of function. Knots are more easily acquired in this way, their family relationships instantly apparent. For example, the bowline (a loop) is more closely related to the sheet bend (a joining knot) rather than to other dissimilar loop knots that may be only distant cousins. In the same way the tenacious constrictor (a binding knot) is just a tuck removed from the common clove hitch (an attachment).

The coming of beknottedness

It is not necessary to go boating to learn about knots. Indeed, most modern craft, with their factory-customized rigging and accessories, leave little scope for practical knot-tying. But there are still many aspects of work and leisure where performance is enhanced by the ability to tie the right knots: archery and angling; caving, climbing and conjuring; flying kites and fire-fighting; scuba diving and sailboarding; tree surgery.

Weekend ramblers and wilderness pioneers, motorists and paramedics, all might find a use for a length of cord in their pockets. Even astronauts may need to tie a knot or two, in order to maneuver drifting hardware during extra-vehicular space walks, cord being a much lighter payload than complex metal attachments. While many of us smitten by what the 19th-century scientist and mathematician Peter Guthrie Tait called beknottedness declare that tying knots is as pleasurable as doing a jig-saw puzzle, as satisfying as solving a crossword, and as delightful as reading an absorbing book.

For those who, like Tait (the man who also figured out how golf balls fly), prefer to apply the scientific method even to their pastimes, there is plenty to study where an original contribution may yet be made. Computerization of knots has barely begun. A comprehensive taxonomy (system of classification) has so far defeated exploratory attempts to map the theoretical interrelationships of the thousands of knots and their countless permutations. Then again, the practical ergonomics of exactly how and why knots work the way they do is still imperfectly understood. While knot theory, a purely mathematical approach (an abstruse kind of three-dimensional geometry), is a comparatively new but burgeoning field of research. Knots cannot exist in four dimensions However they can be untied in four dimensions teases Ronnie Brown, Professor of Mathematics at the University College of North Wales; and a Japanese research worker recently used laser beams as hi-tech tweezers to tie incredibly tiny knots in cut strands of DNA. Far from a dying art, knotting is a vigorous craft and science utilized by people of every class and creed. New knots are devised every year, but the knotting repertoire originated thousands of years ago.

Ancient Egyptians made long sea voyagesthe most famous to the mysterious Land of Puntthanks to their knowledge of ropes, binding, lashing and reefing knots.

A Knotting History

C ave dwellers tied knots, using them to snare and net food, to drag or lift loadsand to strangle enemies, tribal outcasts and sacrificial victims. The mummified bog bodies disinterred by archeologists in Northern Europe all have knotted ligatures around their necks. Knots pre-date written history. The unknown genius who first came up with a reef knot or a bowline must rank with those other individuals lost forever in the unreadable past who learned to control fire, harness the wind, cultivate the soil and make a wheel (all of which came after knotting).

Long before the Bronze, Iron and Stone ages there was an Age of Lashing, Snare and Thong, when humankind depended upon naturally occurring vines and plant fibers, augmented by the gut, sinews and rawhide lacings from the carcases of dead animals. All of those flint ax heads recovered by paleontologists once had bone or timber handles, which have long since decomposed and disappeared, together with the bindings that fixed one to the other. So, although some knots may be 100,000 years old, no evidence of their existence remains.

There is circumstantial evidence, however, from 20th-century tribes who lived a virtually Stone age existence, that early hominoidswho, while primitive, were certainly not simplecould have known the overhand knot and noose, as well as the granny and reef knots. The late Stone age lake-dwellers of Switzerland were useful ropemakers and weavers. One of the oldest knots yet discovered came from an archeological excavation of a submerged site under 10ft (3m) of seawater off the coast of Denmark, with the retrieval of a 10,000-year-old fish hook to which a short length of sinew or gut was still attached by means of the knot now known as a clove hitch. And in 1923, in Antrea (a pre-war region of Finland), a remnant of knotted fishing net was found preserved in a peat bog and scientifically dated at 7200 BC.