Ian Heywood - The Handbook of Visual Culture

The Handbook of
Visual Culture

For Emma and Isabel
and
Emily, Gerard, Miriam and Phoebe

Edited by
Ian Heywood and Barry Sandywell

with
Michael Gardiner, Gunalan Nadarajan and
Catherine Soussloff

Critical Approaches to the Study of Visual Culture:
An Introduction to the Handbook

Barry Sandywell and Ian Heywood

Margaret Dikovitskaya

Catherine M. Soussloff

Martin Jay

Michael E. Gardiner

Nicholas Davey

Robin Marriner

Donald Preziosi

Ian Heywood

Simon Bainbridge

Martin Irvine

Roy Boyne

Lisa Cartwright

Nancy Roth

Michael E. Gardiner

Ian Heywood

Malcolm Barnard

Tim Dant

Fiona Summers

Kristyn Gorton

Andrew Spicer

Kathryn Moore

Martin Hand

Gillian Rose

Charlie Gere

Roger Burrows

David Gauntlett and Fatimah Awan

John Onians, with Helen Anderson and Kajsa Berg

David Howes

Barry Sandywell

Barry Sandywell

The editors would like to thank the following for their help and support:

Adbusters, Tony Carter, Michael Craig-Martin, Professor Willie Doherty, David Fitzgerald, Mark Francis, Chris Jenks, Robert Longo, Robert Longo Studio, Museu Picasso, Kevin OBrien, Professor Christine Poggi, Ms E. R. Pulitzer and Helene Rundell, Gerhard Richter, Atelier Richter, Chris Rojek, Andreas Schmitt, Mike Smith, Matthias Wascheck.

We would also like to than Tristan Palmer for supporting this project throughout its lengthy gestation and Emily Johnston for guiding the book through its final production stages.

Helen Anderson is a Tutor in the Archaeology of Art in the School of World Art Studies at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. She has presented research papers in both South Africa and the United States. Her thesis examined the origin and development of art from Middle Stone Age Africa to Upper Palaeolithic Europe, using neuroscience and in particular neural plasticity to understand the earliest art especially the interrelationship between the brain, the environment and cultural production. Her research interests centre on the origin and development of art in Africa and the development of, and the neural correlates for, symbolic thought.

Fatimah Awan is a Research Fellow in Media Users and Creative Methodologies at the University of Westminster, London. She taught media studies for a number of years at Southampton Solent University and undertook her PhD at Bournemouth University (see www.artlab.org.uk). Her research interests include the sociology of young people and contemporary media, and new qualitative methods which use visual/creative techniques.

Simon Bainbridge is Professor of Romantic Studies at Lancaster University. He is the author of the monographs Napoleon and English Romanticism (Cambridge University Press, 1995) and British Poetry and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: Visions of Conflict (Oxford University Press, 2003) and the editor of Romanticism: A Sourcebook (Palgrave, 2008). Among his current research projects is a study of the literature and culture of mountaineering in the Romantic period.

Malcolm Barnard is Lecturer in Visual Culture in the School of Art and Design at Loughborough University. He has degrees in philosophy and the philosophical aspects of sociology and has published in the areas of fashion, graphic design and visual culture. His main publications include Fashion as Communication (Routledge, 1996), Approaches to Understanding Visual Culture (Palgrave, 2001), Graphic Design as Communication (Routledge, 2005) and Fashion Theory (Routledge, 2007).

Kajsa Berg is a neuroarthistorian who completed a PhD in Art History at the University of East Anglia in 2010. Her thesis seeks to demonstrate that neuroscience is helpful in the context of specific art-historical queries. In her thesis, Caravaggio and a neuroarthistory of engagement, she uses neuroscience to explore artists, patrons and other spectators responses to Caravaggios paintings. Her specialty is the culturally specific emotional engagement with early seventeenth-century painting and sculpture in Rome. More widely she is developing Baxandalls concept of the period eye, replacing it with the contextual brain, which allows a recognition of both the cognitive skills and the emotional factors involved in spectatorship. She has taught at the University of East Anglia and the Norwich University College of the Arts on a variety of topics.

Roy Boyne has published books on French philosophy, the sociology of art and cinema, and cultures of risk. He is a member of the executive editorial board of Theory, Culture and Society, and a board member of the recent journal, Creative Industries. He was guest-editor for the 2007 edition, devoted to cinema, of Symbolism: A Journal of Critical Aesthetics. He was Vice-Chair of the Board of Culture North East (until its demise in April 2009). He is writing a book for Sage on regional and international cultural strategy, based in part on research he did whilst visiting professor at the University of Strasbourg in 2007. As part of the research into questions of cultural strategy, he has become especially interested in the idea of impact, with particular reference to evaluation methodology, and to indirect impacts and externalities.

Roger Burrows is a Professor of Sociology at the University of York, UK. His main research interests are in the areas of social informatics, urban studies and the sociology of health and illness. He has published numerous articles, chapters and books in the fields of sociology, social policy, social geography and research methods. His recent work with Mike Savage on the coming crisis of empirical sociology, discussed in , has generated considerable debate in UK sociology in recent years.

Lisa Cartwright is a Professor at the University of California, San Diego, where she is appointed in the Department of Communication and affiliated with the graduate Science Studies Program and the undergraduate program in Critical Gender Studies. She works across visual studies; gender and sexuality studies; science, technology, information and medicine studies; and disability studies. Her most recent book is Moral Spectatorship: Technologies of Voice and Affect in Postwar Representations of the Child (Duke University Press, 2008). She is coauthor, with Marita Sturken, of Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture (2nd edn, Oxford University Press, 2008). That book can be found in Czech, Korean and Mandarin. Her early work on motion picture film and medicine is contained in Screening the Body: Tracing Medicines Visual Culture (University of Minnesota Press, 1995). With Paula Treichler and Constance Penley, she co-edited the volume The Visible Woman: Imaging Technologies, Gender and Science (New York University Press, 1998). A book about the visual culture of transnational adoption is in process. She is currently working on three small visual culture book projects about animation and embodiment; biomedical citizenship, public art and landscape; and wind power and the transformation of the American heartland.