Andrew Bailey - The Broadview Introduction to Philosophy

Every new copy of The Broadview Introduction to Philosophy includes a passcode granting access to a companion website. This website provides additional material:

Multiple-choice and true/false questions for each of the books readings, offered in an interactive format for immediate feedback.

A unique Argumentative Essay Builder, through which one can generate a complete essay outline by responding to a series of prompts.

Information on the conventions of writing in philosophy, including a list of fallacies, an annotated sample essay, and a guide to citation.

A collection of philosophical puzzles and paradoxes.

Suggestions for further reading, as well as two additional texts introduced and annotated by Andrew Bailey:

George Berkeleys Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous (First Dialogue)

C.S. Peirces The Fixation of Belief

Web links

If you purchased a used copy of the book and did not receive an access code, you can purchase one for a nominal cost on the Broadview Press website (broadviewpress.com).

BROADVIEW PRESS www.broadviewpress.com

Peterborough, Ontario, Canada

Founded in 1985, Broadview Press remains a wholly independent publishing house. Broadviews focus is on academic publishing; our titles are accessible to university and college students as well as scholars and general readers. With over 600 titles in print, Broadview has become a leading international publisher in the humanities, with world-wide distribution. Broadview is committed to environmentally responsible publishing and fair business practices.

2019 Andrew Bailey

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, kept in an information storage and retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as expressly permitted by the applicable copyright laws or through written permission from the publisher.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: The Broadview introduction to philosophy / edited by Andrew Bailey.

Names: Bailey, Andrew, 1969 editor.

Description: Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers: Canadiana 20190080361 | ISBN 9781554813827 (softcover)

Subjects: LCSH: PhilosophyTextbooks. | LCSH: PhilosophyIntroductions. | LCGFT: Textbooks.

Classification: LCC BD21 .B76 2019 | DDC 100dc23

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Broadview Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada for our publishing activities.

Book design by Michel Vrana

Cover image: borojoint, istockphoto.com

PRINTED IN CANADA

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS AND WRITERS

Editor

Andrew Bailey

Editorial Coordinator

Stephen Latta

Assistant Editor

Tara Bodie

Copyeditor

Robert M. Martin

Proofreaders

Stacey Aspinall

Joe Davies

Michel Pharand

Paige Pinto

Michael Roberts

Helena Snopek

Production Editors

Tara Lowes

Tara Trueman

Permissions Coordinator

Merilee Atos

Contributing Writers

Andrew Bailey

Laura Buzzard

Leslie Dema

Stephen Latta

Melissa MacAulay

Robert M. Martin

Andrew Reszitnyk

Nora Ruddock

A number of academics provided valuable comments and input that helped to shape this book, including (but not limited to):

Ardis Anderson, University of Lethbridge

Shannon Dea, University of Waterloo

William J. Devlin, Bridgewater State University

Leigh Duffy, Buffalo State College

Mark Ereshefsky, University of Calgary

Erin Frykholm, University of Kansas

Hans V. Hansen, University of Windsor

W. Jim Jordan, University of Waterloo

Karl Laderoute, University of Lethbridge

Christinia Landry, Wilfrid Laurier University

Alison K. McConwell, University of Calgary

Joshua Mugg, Park University

Csaba Nyiri, Lourdes University

Brian Orend, University of Waterloo

Tina Strasbourg, Grande Prairie Regional College

Brynn Welch, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Byron Williston, Wilfrid Laurier University

This book is a successor to First Philosophy: Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy (2nd ed.; Broadview Press, 2011). Thanks to Alan Belk, Lance Hickey, Peter Loptson, and Mark Migotti for pointing out errors and omissions in the first edition of that book. The editor would warmly welcome further corrections or suggestions for improvement.

Andrew Bailey

Department of Philosophy

The University of Guelph

abailey@uoguelph.ca

This book is an introduction to philosophy. It is intended to be a reasonably representativethough very far from exhaustivesampling of important philosophical questions, major philosophers and their most important works, periods of philosophical history, and styles of philosophical thought. justice, or ).

The aim of this book is to introduce philosophy through philosophy itself: it is not a book about philosophy but a book of philosophy, in which more than sixty great philosophers speak for themselves. Each of the readings is prefaced by a set of notes, but these notes are not intended to explain or summarize the reading. Instead, the goal of the notes is to provide background information helpful for understanding the readingto remove as many of the unnecessary barriers to comprehension as possible, and to encourage a deeper and more sophisticated encounter with great works of philosophy. The notes to selections, therefore, do not stand alone and certainly are not a substitute for the reading itself: they are meant to be consulted in combination with the reading.

Readers can of course take or leave these notes as they choose, and read them (or not) in any order. One good way of proceeding, however, would be the following. First, read the selection (so that nothing said in the notes inadvertently taints your first impression of the piece). Then, go back and read some of the notesthe biographical sketch, information on the authors philosophical project, structural and background informationand with these things in mind read the selection again. Spend some time thinking